WEBVTT 1 00:00:04.290 --> 00:00:10.559 David Lewis: Greetings this is Professor David Lewis addressing you from Concordia seminary St Louis Missouri. 2 00:00:11.580 --> 00:00:15.509 David Lewis: greetings to all of you who are serving on vicarage now. 3 00:00:16.590 --> 00:00:29.130 David Lewis: Just to let you know you are my thoughts and prayers I pray that your experience has been blessed and wonderful and that you're learning those things that will enable you to serve. 4 00:00:29.700 --> 00:00:38.370 David Lewis: faithfully as pastors in our lord's church, when the time comes, I hope you and your families are all doing well, that God is keeping you healthy and safe. 5 00:00:39.900 --> 00:00:50.520 David Lewis: Today we're going to look at the break up mark nine verses 3237, which is the Gospel reading for series be proper 20. 6 00:00:54.930 --> 00:01:07.410 David Lewis: And here on this slide here is a picture probably taken from Sunday school material that illustrates a part of this text, this is titled Jesus and the child. 7 00:01:07.920 --> 00:01:25.200 David Lewis: And notice the text is mark 932 37 and in this picture you see Jesus seated on the right hand side and on his left as a child he's got his arm around the child and then standing to his right or four of his disciples. 8 00:01:26.250 --> 00:01:36.420 David Lewis: And this this picture represents a part of today's lesson where Jesus takes a child and uses the child, you might say, a sort of a living sermon illustration. 9 00:01:37.200 --> 00:01:46.770 David Lewis: To to show how things work in the rain of God that things in a sense, have been turned upside down the most important person present is not. 10 00:01:47.310 --> 00:01:57.900 David Lewis: The person in the world would say as important, but it's this child that first century, Palestine and the whole GRECO Roman world would have seen as unimportant. 11 00:01:58.410 --> 00:02:05.430 David Lewis: Yet Jesus says, whoever receives a child, such as this on the basis of my name or it could be because of my name. 12 00:02:06.150 --> 00:02:16.080 David Lewis: receives me and whoever receives me does not receive me but receives him who sent me with the meaning that if if one of the disciples were to receive a child. 13 00:02:16.770 --> 00:02:33.000 David Lewis: Of the basis of Jesus name or you might say, because of Jesus then you're receiving God himself that's how important that seemingly unimportant child has become in the rain So things are not things in the rain of God or not, how they are in the world. 14 00:02:34.440 --> 00:02:46.020 David Lewis: A more diverse 30 actually consists, you might say, of two parts first there's Jesus second passionate resurrection prediction mark 932 32 and notice that that. 15 00:02:46.680 --> 00:02:56.760 David Lewis: In each of the synaptic Gospels, there are three times that Jesus predicts his passion three passion predictions about each time he also predicts his resurrection on the third day. 16 00:02:57.240 --> 00:03:00.600 David Lewis: So these are often called the three passion predictions, but more properly. 17 00:03:01.350 --> 00:03:11.910 David Lewis: We should understand them as passion and resurrection predictions because it's not just the Jesus predicts that he will suffer and die with that too is that he is going to. 18 00:03:12.510 --> 00:03:30.180 David Lewis: rise again on the third day and then the second section Jesus teaches the disciples on true discipleship that's nine verses 33 to 37 actually this begins a sermon that continues to the end of Chapter nine and so to be properly understand this. 19 00:03:32.160 --> 00:03:39.210 David Lewis: This properly understand this, this whole chapter is true discipleship this prayer could be only contains a part of that discussion. 20 00:03:41.100 --> 00:03:44.820 David Lewis: Okay, so before we continue here's. 21 00:03:45.960 --> 00:03:55.920 David Lewis: here's an assignment, I would like you to do this before you continue so you might pause the recording after the slide and then do this first I would like you to read and translate mark nine. 22 00:03:56.700 --> 00:04:08.490 David Lewis: This versus 3237 on your own without of logos or whatever, as you have asked you not to look ahead at the slides that that i've given you but. 23 00:04:10.530 --> 00:04:20.040 David Lewis: Well, you know this PowerPoint that do this first on your own and using logos as needed purse each verb form in verses 3232. 24 00:04:20.580 --> 00:04:30.870 David Lewis: The first three verses and count the number of times and in perfect form is used see if you can identify the imperfect verbs then recall how the imperfect functions and can be translated. 25 00:04:32.250 --> 00:04:42.150 David Lewis: For those of you who have been taught to learn Greek through Dr belts is fundamental Greek grammar you know that page 60 is the key page. 26 00:04:42.930 --> 00:04:53.520 David Lewis: In chapter nine he presents the imperfect page 60 he gives you the six possibilities for how to translate an imperfect so consult belts. 27 00:04:54.270 --> 00:04:58.710 David Lewis: For those of you who used another grammar I guess consult the chapter that treats the imperfect. 28 00:04:59.220 --> 00:05:11.370 David Lewis: And and see how you would translate these imperfect and these three verses then on logos consult several English translations and see how they translate the imperfect forms and verses 3232. 29 00:05:11.880 --> 00:05:18.510 David Lewis: And then consider this do these translations properly reflect the imperfect tense, in other words, do they bring out. 30 00:05:18.930 --> 00:05:32.730 David Lewis: What Dr belts calls the focus upon connection between the subject and the verb that you see in those options on page 60 or or the common air do they simply translate it do they simply translate. 31 00:05:33.840 --> 00:05:53.850 David Lewis: Do they simply translate as an artist as a simple past and then on the on blackboard you can discuss this what you find and in any other issues that come up in your translation, but you can maybe share what you found about how English translations translate the imperfect. 32 00:05:57.240 --> 00:06:01.620 David Lewis: And then, after you pause we can continue so how to translate the imperfect. 33 00:06:02.760 --> 00:06:09.840 David Lewis: This is what you would have found on page 60 of fundamental Greek grammar, and this is, I don't know if this is reflected another. 34 00:06:10.290 --> 00:06:17.550 David Lewis: greet grammars but here are the six possibilities for translating an imperfect here's the imperfect of lado la pod. 35 00:06:18.150 --> 00:06:41.190 David Lewis: And it could be either continuous or progressive action I was leaving habitual action I used to leave incentive action I began to leave cognitive action I tried to leave iterative action I repeatedly left or it could be emphatic I did leave I did leave. 36 00:06:43.200 --> 00:06:52.140 David Lewis: And so now we're going to look specifically at the first three verses so Jesus second passion resurrection prediction mark nine verses 3232. 37 00:06:52.770 --> 00:07:01.380 David Lewis: And here's some notes on vocabulary grammar and syntax you should have found that there are a total of six imperfect verbs forms of this passage. 38 00:07:02.010 --> 00:07:13.530 David Lewis: The use of the imperfect and narrative is one distinctive literary feature of mark's Gospel, and so one, the state of literary feature of mark is he often uses imperfect in the narrative. 39 00:07:14.520 --> 00:07:29.640 David Lewis: Some people would then say just translate them like you would an arrest but i'm of the opinion that when mark uses imperfect he's doing something more than simply showing the action as in past time that you should consider one of the six. 40 00:07:31.050 --> 00:07:37.770 David Lewis: Possible translations that reflect connection between the subject and the verb that you saw on the previous slide. 41 00:07:38.190 --> 00:07:43.260 David Lewis: So the six and perfects there's two in each of the three verses under consideration there, they are. 42 00:07:43.890 --> 00:07:52.560 David Lewis: And then, a good good interpretive question is, what is the best way to translate each imperfect in its own context and then for one attempt seed. 43 00:07:53.400 --> 00:08:06.120 David Lewis: vaults his commentary on mark page once 676 where he he goes through, and you'll see he treats he treats these all differently according to the six categories, but based on the context, he finds. 44 00:08:07.110 --> 00:08:12.600 David Lewis: You know, he determines what he sees his use of each imperfect and now here is this first section. 45 00:08:14.700 --> 00:08:19.080 David Lewis: This is mark nine verses 3232 Let me explain the color code. 46 00:08:20.160 --> 00:08:41.280 David Lewis: First, all of the words that are in red are the imperfect verb forms, so I put them in a red the forms that are in blue are part of simple forms and then green highlights other interesting Greek features that I want to talk about and you'll see in the in the slides that follow this. 47 00:08:42.510 --> 00:08:45.750 David Lewis: And so, slides eight 910. 48 00:08:47.190 --> 00:08:58.860 David Lewis: Eight slides, eight, nine and 10 I have written out of these features, but let's read through this together, and so verse 30 caisson excel fun test. 49 00:08:59.760 --> 00:09:16.770 David Lewis: para Peru on top, Dr taste got Elias ooh eighth Ellen and I test good noise, and so the first word that I haven't green green, that is a that is a contraction of the conjunction tie and the advert ssn. 50 00:09:18.240 --> 00:09:20.220 David Lewis: And so, when they come together notice the. 51 00:09:21.510 --> 00:09:29.130 David Lewis: The yoda on Chi he lives, but also so does the epsilon and the beginning of the adverb and then you end up with this. 52 00:09:30.450 --> 00:09:42.630 David Lewis: conjunction adverb contraction which is and from there and then X X alpha test that's ERIs participle active masculine plural normative so the subject here. 53 00:09:43.440 --> 00:10:00.540 David Lewis: The preference of this part of simple as the subjective part part Peru on top, which is they, and they here is likely Jesus and his disciples but a portal group and and I would I would I take this as temporal and so, and after they had gone out. 54 00:10:02.490 --> 00:10:13.680 David Lewis: And then notice, this is not they they, this is not, they were they were journey but they so this is, they were not they were journey, but they were journey. 55 00:10:14.190 --> 00:10:24.090 David Lewis: I would make this just continuous progressive action through Galilee and and now notice, we have a singular and perfect, so this is he Jesus. 56 00:10:24.540 --> 00:10:33.630 David Lewis: And I agree with belts belts says that this is likely emphatic and he did not emphatically did not wish. 57 00:10:34.590 --> 00:10:47.130 David Lewis: And then, then hit up, we have a Santa Claus had a test benoit this is likely, the sub the direct object of of eight eight sorry a felon he did not want anyone to know. 58 00:10:47.910 --> 00:11:01.620 David Lewis: This here, you know someone likely hear anyone better English translation, he did not wish anyone to know and anyone likely means anyone outside of his body of disciples any of the crowds the outsiders. 59 00:11:02.610 --> 00:11:13.860 David Lewis: And then you might now the reason for this is given in verse verse 31 with a guard clause Dennis can guard who's my they toss out to Chi elegant our toys. 60 00:11:14.880 --> 00:11:24.750 David Lewis: And so, thus far, for, and I would say this third imperfect is likely, again, I would take it as simple progressive continuous action, for he was teaching. 61 00:11:26.340 --> 00:11:37.230 David Lewis: Or you might say, and he, for he continued to teach there's probably other ways, you could take it before you continue to teach his disciples and was saying to them. 62 00:11:37.890 --> 00:11:46.650 David Lewis: And I say continue to teach might be good, because this teaching began back in Chapter eight with the first passion prediction first passion resurrection prediction. 63 00:11:47.160 --> 00:11:58.410 David Lewis: And so now this continue now he's continuing that same teaching that's denoted by the two imperfect here, and he was saying, you might say, he was saying, are continuing to say to them hotter. 64 00:11:59.700 --> 00:12:11.160 David Lewis: hotter here does not introduce indirect discourse but direct discourse and so quote, and then we have the son of man and notice that present part I did I type. 65 00:12:12.240 --> 00:12:23.730 David Lewis: This is kind of a future present you know it's not he is being handed over right now but he's going to be handed over, we notice, we have that same sense. 66 00:12:25.470 --> 00:12:33.480 David Lewis: That that kind of English going to happen that's that's kind of do noted sometimes my present tense verbs and Greek for the son of man is going to be handed over. 67 00:12:34.140 --> 00:12:46.860 David Lewis: into the hands of men will talk about that later that phrase that phrase hands of men and now notice now we have a future tense and they will kill him and. 68 00:12:48.780 --> 00:13:01.590 David Lewis: And then we have ERIs part of simple passive masculine singular normative and it's reference would be the son of man and after he has been killed. 69 00:13:02.070 --> 00:13:12.960 David Lewis: After three days, he will raise rice and so notice three things are going to happen notice how the first verb is denoted in a present kind of a future present the next two verbs in this. 70 00:13:13.980 --> 00:13:20.760 David Lewis: directors course are true futures he's going to be handed over he's going to be delivered over to the hands of men. 71 00:13:21.240 --> 00:13:35.790 David Lewis: they're going to kill him and then after he has killed he's gonna rise after three days, so that is passion and resurrection verse three to avoid death signifies changes subject that we have our. 72 00:13:36.840 --> 00:13:39.930 David Lewis: Our fifth and perfect a good not moon. 73 00:13:40.950 --> 00:13:54.480 David Lewis: Top Ramos and so, and they not Jesus was the subject before verse 31 but they the disciples and notice it's not just simply they did not understand the word. 74 00:13:55.770 --> 00:14:04.140 David Lewis: You know the spoken word of Jesus, but they were not understanding this is, you might say, continuous action they were not understanding or. 75 00:14:06.060 --> 00:14:19.470 David Lewis: Maybe some other options would work here, maybe you can suggest some when you respond to this lab on blackboard, but they were not understanding the word and and notice the imperfect Fo Buta out on. 76 00:14:20.610 --> 00:14:32.250 David Lewis: The up arrow taste side and they were afraid to ask yeah, and so they don't understand what he's saying and they're afraid to ask him to clarify. 77 00:14:33.600 --> 00:14:49.530 David Lewis: And notice of F bonita they were afraid that is an imperfect, so this again implies sort of ongoing continuous action and then that infinitive they were afraid afraid of what afraid to ask him, that that infinitive is the direct object of the verb F bomb. 78 00:14:50.610 --> 00:14:54.960 David Lewis: So here we have the the second passion predictions and out for a second time Jesus has. 79 00:14:57.540 --> 00:15:01.800 David Lewis: Let me then we move on for a second time Jesus has. 80 00:15:03.480 --> 00:15:13.440 David Lewis: for a second time Jesus has predicted his death and his resurrection his resurrection on the third day and if the disciples were listening as God told them to. 81 00:15:13.890 --> 00:15:27.570 David Lewis: them to do on the Mount of Transfiguration they would know that Jesus is going to die and rise again they're evidently not listening because none of them expect him to die, and then none of them were expecting him to be raised on the third day. 82 00:15:28.950 --> 00:15:37.650 David Lewis: So, other things to say about this part of the passage, a question of reference, what is the reference of K Ross throw palm the hands of men. 83 00:15:39.540 --> 00:15:46.740 David Lewis: And, depending on how you answer this question of something new, is added in this second passion prediction. 84 00:15:47.400 --> 00:15:59.100 David Lewis: See the first prediction of Jesus is going to be delivered Jesus is going to be rejected by the chief priests, the the the elders the chief the chief priests, the elders in the scribes who are. 85 00:16:00.000 --> 00:16:11.610 David Lewis: Jewish men Jewish authorities, but most interpreters understand the hands of men to be referring not to the Jewish authorities, but to gentiles. 86 00:16:12.180 --> 00:16:21.900 David Lewis: And and belts concurs with this view that these are likely gentiles and so it's added to the second passion prediction as though he's going to be rejected by the Jewish authorities. 87 00:16:22.350 --> 00:16:31.110 David Lewis: he's actually going to be executed by gentiles which makes us even worse, I mean I mean getting executed is bad, but. 88 00:16:31.590 --> 00:16:45.990 David Lewis: Maybe there's something worse being executed by your own people is one thing, being executed by the Romans by the outsiders might imply something worse, so this is a new, this is an new part of. 89 00:16:47.040 --> 00:16:51.150 David Lewis: what's going to go down that Jesus is introducing here but notice again. 90 00:16:52.770 --> 00:16:55.020 David Lewis: he's gonna rise on the third day that's universal. 91 00:16:56.250 --> 00:16:59.400 David Lewis: Okay, and are comparing the first and second passion prediction. 92 00:17:01.200 --> 00:17:14.340 David Lewis: They both predictions both predictions Jesus is predicting his death and his resurrection but what's new here is the introduction introduction that he's going to be executed by gentiles. 93 00:17:15.420 --> 00:17:32.190 David Lewis: But what's similar to, is that these predictions demonstrate Jesus authority and the authority of what he says Jesus knows ahead of time what is going to happen to him and he tells his disciples this ahead of time, nevertheless, they were still shocked when it happened we, however. 94 00:17:33.360 --> 00:17:44.400 David Lewis: From our position receiving the story after it had been fulfilled, we should rely on the authority of Jesus word and so remain steadfast and faith, even in the midst of trial persecution. 95 00:17:45.030 --> 00:17:57.570 David Lewis: We can count on what Jesus says, and so we getting this after the fact, we realize Jesus three times, plus actually predicted his death and resurrection what he said would happen happened. 96 00:17:58.230 --> 00:18:09.930 David Lewis: You can trust Jesus, and what he says, and this, then, should be something that should comfort and then preserve us whenever we face trial or persecution. 97 00:18:11.640 --> 00:18:17.550 David Lewis: The brief commentary these predictions demonstrate Jesus authority, we can kind of what Jesus says. 98 00:18:18.960 --> 00:18:30.750 David Lewis: We have I just Okay, we can we can count on what Jesus saying his word is reliable Jesus mission concluded with his rising from the dead, so we too will be raised to everlasting one. 99 00:18:32.460 --> 00:18:41.880 David Lewis: Okay, and then there's this interesting literary pattern in this section of mark when Jesus is on the way to Jerusalem when Jesus made the first passion prediction 831. 100 00:18:42.270 --> 00:18:50.190 David Lewis: One of his disciples Peter responded in a way that demonstrated that he did not understand Jesus mission and its implications for the disciples. 101 00:18:50.700 --> 00:19:00.900 David Lewis: This pattern is repeated here at 932 37 here all the disciples appear to respond in a way that demonstrates that they do not understand Jesus mission. 102 00:19:01.170 --> 00:19:15.900 David Lewis: and its implications for them, and this will happen again after the third passion prediction and 1032 to 45, and so this is a repeated literary pattern Jesus predicts his passion one or more of the disciples demonstrate they don't understand. 103 00:19:17.400 --> 00:19:28.200 David Lewis: And so the next section mark nine verses 33 to 37 this is now the section, where we actually have Jesus and the child, this is Jesus teaching on true discipleship. 104 00:19:28.830 --> 00:19:41.700 David Lewis: And so again note that the color the color code here is the same as the earlier slide red is for imperfect verbs blue is for part of symbols and then Green is for other. 105 00:19:43.830 --> 00:19:53.520 David Lewis: Other forms that I found interesting and wanted to comment upon and then notice to that as you, as you can look at the slides that follow. 106 00:19:54.540 --> 00:19:56.550 David Lewis: Follow along and so. 107 00:19:57.660 --> 00:20:05.400 David Lewis: So verse 33 Chi Alpha and a scarf for not not and they came into. 108 00:20:06.570 --> 00:20:15.420 David Lewis: So it's interesting Jesus is sort of on his way to Jerusalem, but he's still moving around galley Chi and take or kiya get ominous. 109 00:20:16.920 --> 00:20:29.220 David Lewis: That they wrote they wrote off there's are imperfect out tues and then TNT hi Joe do law gets this that and so. 110 00:20:30.210 --> 00:20:40.440 David Lewis: And after they had come into the House so good ominous as part of simple middle D opponent masculine singular normative the references and subject to the main verb. 111 00:20:40.980 --> 00:20:50.190 David Lewis: At borough top which is Jesus, and this part of symbols one step back in time from that verb so and after they had common after he had come into the House. 112 00:20:50.550 --> 00:20:57.660 David Lewis: And it was there in the House, not out in the courtyard, as we saw that picture I, and I would say, I take the imperfect here is. 113 00:20:58.200 --> 00:21:09.540 David Lewis: incentive he began to ask them not just he asked them, but he began to ask them and then the question that we have direct discourse again what were you discussing on the way. 114 00:21:10.050 --> 00:21:19.500 David Lewis: and note that verb and green, this is a passive opponent verb passive form but active and meaning, and this could be discussing it could also be translated debating. 115 00:21:19.920 --> 00:21:36.570 David Lewis: You might want to look this up that that verb up and and logo so dia well get some I look that up in August, but it could be not just discussion, but debate what were you discussing on the way and belts notes, interestingly, the the preposition or phrase on the way. 116 00:21:38.460 --> 00:21:45.660 David Lewis: This is this could be part of just on the road before they get to the House, but Jesus is on the way to Jerusalem and. 117 00:21:46.560 --> 00:22:06.450 David Lewis: That, then, you know Jesus is going to Jerusalem to give his life as a ransom for many to suffering to die, and this kind of indicates in my in my interpretation why the disciples are sort of wrong here and so verse 33 hoy DAT seo bone so there, that is. 118 00:22:07.470 --> 00:22:25.650 David Lewis: From seo bio, which is to be silent notice the imperfect quite at change the subject again so it's not Jesus now the disciples are the subject, and they were silent notice and not just the imperfect means this is sort of ongoing silence and they were being silent and sense. 119 00:22:26.760 --> 00:22:35.640 David Lewis: And then the guard clause for to one another, they were discussing or debating on the way to Mex own who was greatest. 120 00:22:37.320 --> 00:22:40.890 David Lewis: They were discussing who was greatest. 121 00:22:42.090 --> 00:22:48.990 David Lewis: And that's, this is what they were they were discussing verse 35 Chi cat this us. 122 00:22:50.010 --> 00:22:58.950 David Lewis: F1 a son who's dough DECO Chi leg a our toys and thus far, and so the participle get a risk participle. 123 00:23:00.750 --> 00:23:07.260 David Lewis: masculine singular normative the the references, the subject of the main verb, which is still Jesus, which is now Jesus. 124 00:23:07.680 --> 00:23:22.110 David Lewis: I one step back in time from the main verb and so, and after he had sat down he called the 12 and now we have a notice the historic present tie leg a and says to them and then we have a great discourse notice. 125 00:23:24.360 --> 00:23:30.240 David Lewis: Throughout mark's Gospel the group the disciples the body of disciples is always larger than the 12. 126 00:23:30.930 --> 00:23:48.840 David Lewis: there's a larger group of disciples and Jesus is called and out of that room he selected 12 to be apostles he gave them the authority to preach and heal and cast out demons he didn't give that authority to everybody, but to the 12th and so it's very likely here that when Jesus. 127 00:23:50.550 --> 00:24:01.140 David Lewis: When Jesus asks them out tues and verse 33 what were you debating on the way that the them is not the 12 but the larger group of disciples. 128 00:24:01.530 --> 00:24:14.760 David Lewis: But now he's selectively calling the 12 to teach and a lot of a lot of people note that sitting is, then, is that's the play that's what a teacher does and first century Palestine. 129 00:24:15.360 --> 00:24:30.210 David Lewis: He teaches from the position of sitting, this is what Jesus does on the Mount on the Hill and the sermon on the Mount and so he's now going to teach the 12 and this indicates that this this could have been a dispute between the 12 and the other disciples. 130 00:24:31.230 --> 00:24:35.190 David Lewis: And then you might imagine, among other things, it could be the 12 saying that they are the greatest. 131 00:24:35.820 --> 00:24:41.490 David Lewis: and Dr belts in his commentary notes that this was an important question in first century Palestine. 132 00:24:42.300 --> 00:24:52.200 David Lewis: Because once you know who's greater than whom you know how to behave how to act in relationship to one another, so he says this isn't really that outlandish of a question. 133 00:24:52.620 --> 00:24:59.460 David Lewis: or an issue to be discussing the issue is is we're following the guy who's going to go to the cross and give his life as a ransom for many. 134 00:24:59.940 --> 00:25:11.250 David Lewis: They don't seem to understand the implicate they don't understand first what Jesus is doing, and so the implications of what it means to follow Jesus they're thinking things among them. 135 00:25:11.940 --> 00:25:23.640 David Lewis: are the same as they are out there and in the world, and even in the Jewish world, but in the reign of God, things are difference there thinking Oh, we need to establish who's more important than him so we know how to. 136 00:25:24.150 --> 00:25:30.690 David Lewis: You know behave and defer to one another in the right way, and maybe some of the other disciples were saying yeah we don't think you guys are. 137 00:25:31.500 --> 00:25:38.580 David Lewis: Greater than us and the 12 are saying no we think we are greater because he gave us authority to preach and cast out demons. 138 00:25:39.270 --> 00:25:56.700 David Lewis: But overall, this indicates they don't understand why Jesus is going to die or what that means for them as disciples and so, then we get the directors course a test la protests in a notice here we've got a conditional sentence introduced by a and. 139 00:25:58.560 --> 00:26:08.100 David Lewis: Now this then, then this this right here is a simple particular and so, if anyone wishes protests in a to be first. 140 00:26:09.480 --> 00:26:16.200 David Lewis: And I would say, when the when the edge of protest comes before in a it's been emphasized, so if anyone wishes to be first. 141 00:26:16.830 --> 00:26:26.820 David Lewis: He will be of all he will be Last of all, and the servant of all right, so if anyone so he's telling the 12 who are. 142 00:26:27.210 --> 00:26:34.770 David Lewis: You might say, in a sense, first because of all the disciples Jesus gave them the authority to more directly participate in his Ministry. 143 00:26:35.280 --> 00:26:50.940 David Lewis: By having the authority to preach and heal and cast out demons to do what Jesus is doing, but if you think that's a big deal, if you think that makes you first well if anyone wishes to be first he will be Last of all, and the AK and I servant of all. 144 00:26:52.680 --> 00:27:02.610 David Lewis: And then, this is now his first statement, and so this right here, this is how things work in the rain, those who want to be first are going to be last and they're going to be Dr. 145 00:27:03.360 --> 00:27:15.480 David Lewis: Dr annoyed they're going to be servants of everybody else other words, everybody else is going to be ranked before them in a sense, and everyone else is going to be the object of their service, this is how things work in the rain. 146 00:27:16.890 --> 00:27:35.820 David Lewis: And now we have a break, so the narrative continues verse 36 kyla bone piety on and so notice again labone and areas participle the references Jesus, so one step back in time for the main verb, which is a state which is station, and so it after he took a child. 147 00:27:37.230 --> 00:27:50.910 David Lewis: station out now he stood it notice how tos neuter so we don't know if this child is boy or girl, but he stood it and that, so our town in the middle, in the middle of them in the midst of them Chi. 148 00:27:52.350 --> 00:28:12.150 David Lewis: And I call this ominous our top and then and then so first he takes the child puts them in the stands in the middle and then he takes this child into his arms, so he picks the child up and after he had taken it into his arms, he said to them first 37 and now here we have. 149 00:28:13.320 --> 00:28:30.480 David Lewis: On plus the subjunctive flaws so here on as with haha so Hassan so who are whoever him tone to Lou tone ideas and then we have the subject of decks a tie apatow on a mighty move. 150 00:28:32.310 --> 00:28:54.120 David Lewis: So whoever one child one such child is this, and so Han that's our number one one child, such as this, whoever receives one child, such as this, then we have a petco and a mighty move, and for this I think i'd actually like to look at the slide where I comment upon this. 151 00:28:56.400 --> 00:28:57.450 David Lewis: If you look here. 152 00:28:59.880 --> 00:29:11.490 David Lewis: yeah and so at P, plus the date of the Dag defines the use of a P here as a marker an idiom of authorization would translate in my name, in other words, you know sort of. 153 00:29:12.030 --> 00:29:21.720 David Lewis: In my name and the authorization of my name, I guess, so you know for this, the focus is upon the authorizing function of the one whose name is you so. 154 00:29:22.110 --> 00:29:31.920 David Lewis: Jesus, in a sense, as authorized them to go out and find people and maybe the disciples are thinking you know, children are too important to find, but if you receive. 155 00:29:33.240 --> 00:29:40.860 David Lewis: If they the 12 were to receive a child, such as this, the one Jesus is using as his living object lesson. 156 00:29:41.640 --> 00:29:49.410 David Lewis: In the thought you because they because of the authority of Jesus name because they've been sent Jesus name that's what's going on. 157 00:29:49.890 --> 00:29:56.160 David Lewis: A James who else argues that this construction gives the reason for the action and translates for the sake of my name. 158 00:29:56.880 --> 00:30:13.530 David Lewis: And then, in both uses the word name on them, it is autonomy for Jesus himself right so it's not Jesus name stands for him, so this is really receiving the child, either in by Jesus authority or for the sake of Jesus. 159 00:30:15.270 --> 00:30:23.190 David Lewis: But this is the, this is the that this is that on clause and then so if this condition is met met it whoever. 160 00:30:24.540 --> 00:30:41.850 David Lewis: should receive would receive might receive receives one such child is this let's just go with bells for the sake of my name for for my sake, is what that means he received he receives me present tense, so this is kind of a present general conditional sentence. 161 00:30:43.200 --> 00:30:49.740 David Lewis: So this is kind of present general give sort of this as a general truth whenever this happens, this happens so whenever. 162 00:30:50.160 --> 00:30:57.450 David Lewis: Anyone whoever receives a child, such as this, for the sake of my name for the sake of me what that means is he receives me. 163 00:30:58.080 --> 00:31:07.080 David Lewis: And then we have a second on plus subjunctive clause and whoever receives me who come at deca ty dolla time pesto. 164 00:31:07.560 --> 00:31:23.700 David Lewis: Now, and whoever receives me does not receive me but and then you could you could the verb repeats deca type I receives and now we have a substance is part of sample and he receives the one who sent me, that is, he receives God, the father. 165 00:31:26.190 --> 00:31:38.250 David Lewis: And so verse 37 once again, and so, whoever receives whoever notice the subjunctive I tend to translate some jumped straight out so whoever receives. 166 00:31:38.760 --> 00:31:47.880 David Lewis: Once that child is this for the sake of my name receives me that's a major promise right there if you receive that child you're receiving Jesus. 167 00:31:48.300 --> 00:32:02.610 David Lewis: And now let's even up the ante and the next friend Claus and whoever receives me does not receive me, but the one who sent me that is God, the father, and so, if you receive a child, such as that in the name of Jesus. 168 00:32:03.660 --> 00:32:11.820 David Lewis: Your receipt it's the same as receiving Jesus no it's the same as receiving God, the father himself who sent Jesus. 169 00:32:13.320 --> 00:32:15.000 David Lewis: Okay, so brief commentary. 170 00:32:16.110 --> 00:32:25.200 David Lewis: The disciples discussion about whose greatest makes sense in light of Middle Eastern society for questions about the relationship of people in terms of social status was a legitimate concern. 171 00:32:25.980 --> 00:32:31.860 David Lewis: Yet this also indicates that they do not understand the nature of Jesus ministry and its implications for discipleship. 172 00:32:32.400 --> 00:32:43.290 David Lewis: They are doing what Peter did in a verse 33 not having in mind the things of God, but the things of men, that is thinking as men do not as God does. 173 00:32:43.740 --> 00:32:50.520 David Lewis: that's what Peter did back in Chapter eight when he when he tried to when he rebuked Jesus for predicting his death, the first time. 174 00:32:50.970 --> 00:33:00.570 David Lewis: And this is what they're doing now by understanding greatness the way human society would understand greatness God, things have changed in Jesus. 175 00:33:01.050 --> 00:33:13.290 David Lewis: Jesus is the greatest and yet he is going to to the cross to offer himself as a ransom for many to basically to not not to be served, but he has come to serve. 176 00:33:13.770 --> 00:33:22.140 David Lewis: And if that's true for Jesus and the rain, those were great in the rain, those who are like Jesus when it comes to authority they're also. 177 00:33:22.830 --> 00:33:33.390 David Lewis: going to be then be servants, so, in light of Jesus coming sacrifice they ought to be thinking in terms of service to one another, that who is greater than whom are the know who is greater than who. 178 00:33:34.740 --> 00:33:42.810 David Lewis: So the fact that Jesus calls the 12pm and teaches them indicates that the debate may have been between the 12 and the wider group of disciples. 179 00:33:44.070 --> 00:33:53.280 David Lewis: I can't prove this, but this is this is kind of what I see implicated when the debate seems to involve everybody, but Jesus specifically calls the 12. 180 00:33:53.880 --> 00:34:02.310 David Lewis: Could it be that the 12 were arguing that they were greater than the wider body of disciples James and john will later attempt to put themselves over the rest of the 12. 181 00:34:02.850 --> 00:34:11.280 David Lewis: indicates, they still don't understand even as the story continues that Jesus teaches the 12 and not the wider body of disciples could be telling. 182 00:34:11.820 --> 00:34:18.750 David Lewis: They specifically are being called to service of the others because they have been called to this greater position. 183 00:34:19.170 --> 00:34:28.410 David Lewis: With authority to preach the Gospel and to heal and cast out demons to do what Jesus says, because they have this greater position they're more responsible. 184 00:34:29.370 --> 00:34:42.150 David Lewis: And therefore they're called to serve the other disciples not in a sense, to lord it over them Jesus turns your expectations around if anyone wishes to be first will be Last of all, and servant of all. 185 00:34:44.400 --> 00:34:54.540 David Lewis: So in Jesus uses the child is an illustration, the point is that this child represents a person who is not considered great or important in Middle Eastern society. 186 00:34:55.230 --> 00:35:08.490 David Lewis: If this child is actually someone who is so great that whoever receives it am or her for the sake of Jesus actually received Jesus no actually receives God, the father himself and. 187 00:35:10.320 --> 00:35:17.700 David Lewis: It seems here, you know as the disciples are discussing who is greatest likely none of them are thinking that the children in their midst. 188 00:35:18.000 --> 00:35:24.810 David Lewis: And you know this child must have been somebody you know the child has some disciple because this child is already there in the House. 189 00:35:25.230 --> 00:35:31.500 David Lewis: But they're likely not thinking that the children are are in any way count as people who are the greatest. 190 00:35:32.220 --> 00:35:42.450 David Lewis: This is seems to be adult disciple versus adult disciple but now by when Jesus takes the 12 who are those in the equity SIA at this time and the key in the rain. 191 00:35:42.810 --> 00:35:52.170 David Lewis: Who, after Jesus have a unique authority and he teaches them this, this would indicate to them that that as they go out to serve and to call. 192 00:35:54.210 --> 00:36:03.270 David Lewis: Those who the world says, are the least important the children are actually so important in the rain that if you receive them you receive Jesus himself. 193 00:36:03.630 --> 00:36:16.440 David Lewis: No, you receive God, the father himself, and this is what's brought out and in verse 37 and so in the rain, things are radically different than they are out there in the world in the rain. 194 00:36:17.430 --> 00:36:26.490 David Lewis: Children in a sense, unimportant people like this child are the ones who matter, the most and those in the Church, who are mature and who've been given. 195 00:36:27.060 --> 00:36:36.120 David Lewis: authority by God, their life is to be in service to these children, knowing that that is actually service to Jesus. 196 00:36:36.720 --> 00:36:44.370 David Lewis: No it's actually a service to God, the father, the Creator of all things and, and the reason for this goes back to that second passion prediction. 197 00:36:45.090 --> 00:36:55.320 David Lewis: Jesus is going to suffer die and rise again, and this is all in service to us and to fall in mankind and to fall and creation. 198 00:36:55.950 --> 00:37:12.330 David Lewis: Jesus gives himself as a ransom for many unless he did not come to be served, but to serve, and if you're following Jesus, then you are called also to serve to serve even the least even the children all right This concludes this lab. 199 00:37:14.400 --> 00:37:23.220 David Lewis: So as you're instructed you may please make comments on blackboard and I hope to talk to you more later, thank you.