1 00:00:13,079 --> 00:00:17,017 So God grants the request, okay? 2 00:00:19,686 --> 00:00:26,559 Their request for the king here is given in the earlier, in verses 19 and 20 then. 3 00:00:26,559 --> 00:00:29,295 Do the people refuse to listen to Samuel? 4 00:00:29,429 --> 00:00:34,567 No, they said, we want the king over us, then we will be like all the other nations, with 5 00:00:34,567 --> 00:00:38,238 a king to lead us and to go out before us and fight our battles. 6 00:00:38,838 --> 00:00:41,341 So God says, give them what they ask for. 7 00:00:42,242 --> 00:00:47,480 And the first king then that is appointed is Saul. 8 00:00:48,515 --> 00:00:49,015 Saul. 9 00:00:49,015 --> 00:00:49,916 Okay? 10 00:00:51,051 --> 00:00:56,189 You notice in chapter 9, verse 1, that he is a Benjaminite, okay? 11 00:00:56,923 --> 00:00:57,590 Benjaminite. 12 00:00:58,725 --> 00:01:04,364 And if you remember at the end of the book of Judges that the tribe of Benjamin was almost 13 00:01:04,364 --> 00:01:11,738 annihilated, that there were only 600 fighting men from the tribe of Benjamin that survived. 14 00:01:12,005 --> 00:01:14,474 So he is of the tribe of Benjamin. 15 00:01:14,474 --> 00:01:22,682 That also already tells you that this is going to probably be, even without knowing the rest 16 00:01:22,682 --> 00:01:30,890 of the story, an abortive kingship that Saul will have. 17 00:01:32,992 --> 00:01:41,668 The reason is because the prophecy of Jacob back in Genesis 49 was that the kingship would 18 00:01:41,668 --> 00:01:42,869 come through which line? 19 00:01:43,536 --> 00:01:44,037 Which tribe? 20 00:01:45,105 --> 00:01:45,672 Judah. 21 00:01:46,306 --> 00:01:48,708 So here you have one from Benjamin. 22 00:01:49,843 --> 00:01:50,910 Saul was from Benjamin. 23 00:01:52,045 --> 00:01:57,650 But he is anointed then as the king by Samuel. 24 00:01:59,285 --> 00:02:11,631 And he is actually, I mean, he's head and shoulders above everybody else, tall, you 25 00:02:11,631 --> 00:02:19,305 know, and tall, dark, and handsome, but also somewhat reluctant to take on this role. 26 00:02:19,772 --> 00:02:25,178 Kind of humble, aw shucks kind of farm boy, who am I to take this role? 27 00:02:25,712 --> 00:02:27,080 But he is anointed. 28 00:02:29,682 --> 00:02:36,456 Then he is publicly recognized and identified as the new king by lot. 29 00:02:36,623 --> 00:02:38,892 And that's described then in chapter 10. 30 00:02:39,526 --> 00:02:42,795 So you have the more private anointing and the public identification. 31 00:02:43,196 --> 00:02:46,466 And in this public identification, again, they have to go looking for him. 32 00:02:46,799 --> 00:02:52,071 He's kind of hiding in the baggage, not really eager to take this position. 33 00:02:54,073 --> 00:03:03,449 But then his rule is really confirmed through a victory over the Ammonites, an invasion 34 00:03:03,449 --> 00:03:05,218 and attack of the Ammonites. 35 00:03:05,585 --> 00:03:07,353 And that's in chapter 11. 36 00:03:08,354 --> 00:03:17,430 And this takes place up south of the Sea of Galilee in the Transjordan, the east side 37 00:03:17,430 --> 00:03:18,765 of the Jordan River here. 38 00:03:19,465 --> 00:03:28,308 If you remember that what remained of the tribe of Benjamin was essentially moved up 39 00:03:28,308 --> 00:03:32,145 here to this area around Jabesh Gilead. 40 00:03:32,145 --> 00:03:41,221 And so it is primarily now the Benjaminites who are being attacked by these Ammonites 41 00:03:43,690 --> 00:03:48,027 from farther out in the Transjordan area. 42 00:03:49,195 --> 00:03:58,871 Saul, who's out plowing the back 40, so tells you something about his understanding of being 43 00:03:58,871 --> 00:03:59,572 a king here. 44 00:03:59,772 --> 00:04:01,641 He just kind of wants to be a farmer. 45 00:04:01,641 --> 00:04:09,916 He's out plowing, and he gets word that Jabesh Gilead has been attacked by the Ammonites. 46 00:04:10,383 --> 00:04:14,754 And he is able to rally all of the tribes. 47 00:04:15,154 --> 00:04:23,196 So it shows that they are recognizing him as the king, not just of a tribal locality, 48 00:04:23,196 --> 00:04:24,864 but of all the tribes together. 49 00:04:25,231 --> 00:04:31,404 He's able to rally all of the tribes to come together to defend the people of Jabesh Gilead. 50 00:04:31,638 --> 00:04:33,573 And there's a great victory there. 51 00:04:34,173 --> 00:04:42,282 And so this is much more of the dynamic confirmation of Saul as the new king, the monarch. 52 00:04:44,183 --> 00:04:55,895 So any questions about the story, the history thus far, or comments? 53 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:01,234 Okay. 54 00:05:01,934 --> 00:05:10,209 The second part of 1 Kings, which describes here the first king, Saul, describes his demise, 55 00:05:10,209 --> 00:05:10,710 though. 56 00:05:11,210 --> 00:05:12,011 It isn't long. 57 00:05:12,312 --> 00:05:16,416 Again, as I said, it's kind of an abortive monarchy that he has. 58 00:05:17,250 --> 00:05:20,420 And it's a bit of a flash in the pan. 59 00:05:20,586 --> 00:05:22,055 It certainly isn't permanent. 60 00:05:22,789 --> 00:05:24,290 And so there is a demise. 61 00:05:24,290 --> 00:05:29,896 And the demise for Saul is that he fails to obey the Lord. 62 00:05:30,363 --> 00:05:40,173 And if you go back to Deuteronomy chapter 17, where Moses prescribes the office of king, 63 00:05:41,874 --> 00:05:53,252 the primary role of the king was to be the steward of the King, Yahweh, to be the vice-regent, 64 00:05:53,886 --> 00:05:58,191 the vice-president, if you will, to do the bidding of the Lord. 65 00:05:59,192 --> 00:06:06,566 And so he was to be very, very up on the law, the Torah, to know the Lord's will. 66 00:06:07,266 --> 00:06:13,506 The problem with Saul here is that in several cases, he goes against the will of the Lord 67 00:06:13,506 --> 00:06:15,608 and goes against the law of God. 68 00:06:16,242 --> 00:06:21,948 And so he, in a sense, abdicates his privilege as the king. 69 00:06:23,249 --> 00:06:24,384 How does this happen? 70 00:06:25,451 --> 00:06:30,890 Well, in one case, there's another need for battle. 71 00:06:31,224 --> 00:06:33,793 He wants to lead the forces in battle. 72 00:06:34,627 --> 00:06:46,172 And to do so, recognizing Yahweh is the warrior, the Lord of hosts here, they seek Yahweh's 73 00:06:46,172 --> 00:06:49,509 blessing and presence before they would go forth in battle. 74 00:06:49,509 --> 00:06:53,246 And that means sacrifice has to be offered up. 75 00:06:54,013 --> 00:07:02,054 And Saul has summoned the forces, and he summoned Samuel to come to carry out the sacrifice 76 00:07:02,555 --> 00:07:04,924 before they can engage in battle. 77 00:07:06,526 --> 00:07:08,461 And the forces arrive. 78 00:07:09,028 --> 00:07:13,833 All the men are ready to move forward, but Samuel isn't there. 79 00:07:14,567 --> 00:07:15,735 Samuel tarries. 80 00:07:15,735 --> 00:07:22,742 And so they're just kind of sitting around, you know, tapping their fingers. 81 00:07:24,977 --> 00:07:30,783 One, two, three, four days go by, five, six, seven. 82 00:07:31,584 --> 00:07:41,527 And the military personnel here are becoming impatient, and some of them are starting to 83 00:07:41,527 --> 00:07:41,994 disperse. 84 00:07:42,795 --> 00:07:44,730 They're starting to go away. 85 00:07:45,264 --> 00:07:46,833 They're starting to head back. 86 00:07:47,667 --> 00:07:49,035 Nothing's going to happen here. 87 00:07:49,969 --> 00:07:56,309 And so, Saul goes ahead and takes the initiative. 88 00:07:56,476 --> 00:07:59,111 He says, Samuel must not be coming. 89 00:07:59,212 --> 00:08:00,279 We need to move ahead. 90 00:08:00,513 --> 00:08:02,615 I'm going to offer up the sacrifices. 91 00:08:03,316 --> 00:08:06,152 So he personally offers up these sacrifices. 92 00:08:06,986 --> 00:08:10,256 Now, how is that going against the law of the Lord? 93 00:08:11,891 --> 00:08:13,659 He's not a prophet or priest. 94 00:08:14,994 --> 00:08:19,332 He's not of the tribe of Levi or of the line of Aaron. 95 00:08:20,433 --> 00:08:25,905 Remember, this is post-Sinai, and only the priests offer up sacrifice. 96 00:08:26,873 --> 00:08:32,845 He's a Benjaminite, and so he's disobeyed the will, the law of the Lord there. 97 00:08:33,713 --> 00:08:38,251 And so it's like immediately after he does that, Samuel shows up. 98 00:08:38,484 --> 00:08:41,420 He says, what have you done? 99 00:08:43,189 --> 00:08:49,829 And Saul tries to make excuses, but Samuel says, this is a grave offense to the Lord. 100 00:08:52,098 --> 00:08:59,805 Another very significant incident then is described in chapter 15, where Saul has led 101 00:08:59,805 --> 00:09:01,841 in battle, and he's been successful. 102 00:09:01,941 --> 00:09:05,444 The Lord has granted him victory over the enemy. 103 00:09:06,445 --> 00:09:15,922 And remember, the law of devotion, karom, we discussed yesterday with Joshua, the conquest, 104 00:09:16,455 --> 00:09:25,364 that you are to eliminate, eradicate all the enemies, destroy the plunder that's devoted 105 00:09:25,364 --> 00:09:26,098 to the Lord. 106 00:09:26,899 --> 00:09:29,769 Well, Saul doesn't do that. 107 00:09:29,769 --> 00:09:36,776 He spares the king, doesn't kill the king, thinks he may come in handy later on. 108 00:09:37,743 --> 00:09:48,854 And the booty here, the plunder, he pretty much keeps, lots of flocks of animals. 109 00:09:49,822 --> 00:09:56,762 And again, Samuel shows up and says, what is this bleating that I hear ringing in my ears? 110 00:09:57,763 --> 00:10:00,266 Why are all these animals still alive? 111 00:10:01,534 --> 00:10:03,302 They were to be devoted to the Lord. 112 00:10:03,502 --> 00:10:06,405 They were to be killed. 113 00:10:07,239 --> 00:10:10,643 And then he finds out the king is still alive. 114 00:10:12,845 --> 00:10:16,882 And Samuel, or I'm sorry, Saul gives kind of an excuse again. 115 00:10:16,983 --> 00:10:21,520 He says, well, I was going to sacrifice these animals to the Lord. 116 00:10:22,455 --> 00:10:28,260 So he tries to cover up, say I'm going to sacrifice these animals to the Lord. 117 00:10:30,796 --> 00:10:35,768 And Samuel then responds with this very memorable rebuke. 118 00:10:36,235 --> 00:10:39,038 To obey is better than sacrifice. 119 00:10:39,972 --> 00:10:44,377 Because you have rejected the word of the Lord, he has rejected you as king. 120 00:10:45,378 --> 00:10:52,985 And at this point then, Saul is remorseful and he kind of grabs a hold of Samuel. 121 00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:57,957 And it's kind of like, oh, you know, spare me here. 122 00:10:58,457 --> 00:11:02,495 And he actually tears some of Samuel's robe. 123 00:11:03,696 --> 00:11:10,302 And Samuel uses that as an object lesson saying, just as you have torn this from me, 124 00:11:10,403 --> 00:11:13,539 so the Lord will tear the kingdom from you. 125 00:11:13,539 --> 00:11:15,541 You're going to lose the kingdom. 126 00:11:16,475 --> 00:11:20,046 But his loss of the kingdom doesn't then just happen immediately. 127 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:23,482 There's quite a process to that. 128 00:11:24,517 --> 00:11:31,223 There's more of the woodcut of the rebuke of Saul. 129 00:11:33,859 --> 00:11:37,763 So Saul continues to function as the king. 130 00:11:38,597 --> 00:11:40,332 He's the de facto king. 131 00:11:40,332 --> 00:11:45,604 But Samuel now is looking for another king. 132 00:11:46,739 --> 00:11:52,178 Under the Lord's guidance, someone who is a man after God's own heart, 133 00:11:52,678 --> 00:11:56,315 who will be submissive and obedient to the Lord. 134 00:11:56,982 --> 00:12:00,953 And that person is, of course, David then. 135 00:12:01,921 --> 00:12:06,058 There is a private anointing by Samuel that's described in chapter 16. 136 00:12:06,726 --> 00:12:13,099 Samuel goes to Bethlehem as the Lord directs him to the house of Jesse. 137 00:12:13,866 --> 00:12:18,104 Because the Lord has said, the one you are to anoint is the son of Jesse. 138 00:12:19,105 --> 00:12:27,580 Samuel arrives, offers up the sacrifice, and says, Jesse, bring your sons here. 139 00:12:27,947 --> 00:12:30,649 I'm going to anoint one of them as the king. 140 00:12:31,984 --> 00:12:35,755 Jesse does so, and he brings them kind of the eldest, 141 00:12:35,921 --> 00:12:37,957 assuming we'll certainly be the eldest. 142 00:12:38,958 --> 00:12:43,028 And as they're kind of lining up, the Lord says to Samuel, 143 00:12:44,663 --> 00:12:47,633 recognize that I look at the heart. 144 00:12:49,034 --> 00:12:51,103 Humans look at the outwards appearances. 145 00:12:51,303 --> 00:12:52,505 I'm looking at the heart. 146 00:12:53,506 --> 00:12:56,876 He's looking for that man after his own heart. 147 00:12:57,476 --> 00:13:04,049 And so, Saul sees the eldest brother, and he thinks, that's got to be the guy. 148 00:13:05,117 --> 00:13:12,825 This guy, again, tall, dark, handsome, strong, muscular, he fits the bill. 149 00:13:13,392 --> 00:13:16,061 But the Lord says, nope, not that guy. 150 00:13:16,896 --> 00:13:17,930 Okay, who's the next? 151 00:13:18,497 --> 00:13:20,065 Next in line, next in line. 152 00:13:20,566 --> 00:13:23,702 And each time, the Lord says, that's not the one. 153 00:13:24,703 --> 00:13:28,174 And they go through all seven brothers. 154 00:13:29,408 --> 00:13:32,344 And the Lord says, nope, none of those. 155 00:13:34,446 --> 00:13:37,583 And Samuel's going, well, what's up? 156 00:13:38,017 --> 00:13:42,221 He turns to Jesse, is this all the sons that you have? 157 00:13:42,955 --> 00:13:45,791 And Jesse replies, well, actually not. 158 00:13:46,292 --> 00:13:50,796 My youngest, though, I didn't think you'd really be interested in him. 159 00:13:50,796 --> 00:13:52,398 He's a shepherd boy. 160 00:13:52,565 --> 00:13:54,300 He's out tending the flocks. 161 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:57,002 He's just a, he's still young. 162 00:13:58,604 --> 00:14:00,206 Samuel says, fetch him. 163 00:14:01,207 --> 00:14:06,478 And so, David is brought, and immediately the Lord says, he's the one. 164 00:14:07,313 --> 00:14:08,080 He's the one. 165 00:14:08,714 --> 00:14:13,619 And so, Samuel anoints him to be the king. 166 00:14:14,420 --> 00:14:16,388 And he is of the line of Judah. 167 00:14:16,388 --> 00:14:19,925 Okay, this is in the territory of Judah, Bethlehem. 168 00:14:21,894 --> 00:14:25,397 Will you be small amongst the cities of Judah? 169 00:14:26,365 --> 00:14:35,975 Out of Bethlehem now, arises this king, and ultimately the greatest king, the son of David, Jesus Christ. 170 00:14:37,443 --> 00:14:41,413 Okay, so there's that private anointing by Samuel. 171 00:14:42,047 --> 00:14:45,417 So we've had these anointings by Samuel of two. 172 00:14:45,417 --> 00:14:52,424 Saul earlier in a private anointing, and now David in a private anointing. 173 00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:58,464 And, but David just goes on serving as a shepherd boy. 174 00:14:59,164 --> 00:15:01,934 Okay, and everything, nothing really seems to have changed. 175 00:15:03,168 --> 00:15:07,606 But there is this ongoing conflict with the Philistines. 176 00:15:07,606 --> 00:15:16,982 And the Philistines now have quite a lethal weapon in the name of Goliath. 177 00:15:18,317 --> 00:15:22,922 This champion of their army, nine feet tall. 178 00:15:23,722 --> 00:15:31,030 Okay, that's huge for our standards today, but in the ancient world, you rarely even got over five feet. 179 00:15:31,163 --> 00:15:32,698 So maybe about four and a half feet. 180 00:15:32,765 --> 00:15:36,669 So this guy is twice as tall as anybody else. 181 00:15:37,670 --> 00:15:40,806 This guy is a mammoth. 182 00:15:42,608 --> 00:15:47,980 And so he is this kind of heroic champion figure. 183 00:15:48,781 --> 00:15:53,619 And he taunts the Israelites saying, send out a man. 184 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:55,854 Send out your best. 185 00:15:56,422 --> 00:15:59,024 And we'll have a one-on-one with one another. 186 00:15:59,658 --> 00:16:05,030 And if your best defeats me, then the Philistines will serve you. 187 00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:08,867 But if I beat your best, then you'll serve us. 188 00:16:08,901 --> 00:16:09,935 You'll be our servants. 189 00:16:11,170 --> 00:16:15,541 And nobody from the Israelite camp is willing to go. 190 00:16:16,942 --> 00:16:19,178 David's brothers are a part of that camp. 191 00:16:19,812 --> 00:16:25,718 And Jesse has sent David to take some provisions to Jesse's sons. 192 00:16:26,719 --> 00:16:37,896 And David then, this youngster not even of conscription age for battle, he overhears this. 193 00:16:38,063 --> 00:16:43,135 He hears what's going on and he hears the taunts of Goliath. 194 00:16:43,635 --> 00:16:47,673 And that Goliath would so blaspheme the God of Israel. 195 00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:51,844 He's amazed. Isn't anyone going to take up this guy? 196 00:16:52,845 --> 00:16:58,684 Why are you afraid? We've got the God of Jacob with us. 197 00:16:59,284 --> 00:17:00,285 The Lord of hosts. 198 00:17:02,921 --> 00:17:04,823 So he says, well I'll do it. 199 00:17:06,125 --> 00:17:11,096 And so he goes to Saul and says, I'll be the one to go and fight. 200 00:17:12,331 --> 00:17:15,334 And Saul says, okay, well you need the proper armor. 201 00:17:16,235 --> 00:17:17,936 You can use my armor. 202 00:17:18,904 --> 00:17:24,943 And Saul puts the armor on David and it kind of like, just the breastplate goes almost down to his ankles. 203 00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:29,381 You know, and he's just kind of rattling around. It's too big for him. 204 00:17:29,715 --> 00:17:32,084 And he's not used to this. He's a shepherd boy. 205 00:17:32,251 --> 00:17:35,621 He says, no, I don't need this. 206 00:17:36,155 --> 00:17:39,024 You know, I've got the Lord. That's all that I need. 207 00:17:40,059 --> 00:17:43,262 And so he goes out into the battlefield. 208 00:17:43,829 --> 00:17:45,397 And you know the story. 209 00:17:46,398 --> 00:17:52,371 He comes and he, in a sense, invokes the covenant promise of God. 210 00:17:53,205 --> 00:17:58,277 That God will fight for his people who are faithful and trust him. 211 00:17:59,445 --> 00:18:03,849 And he says to Goliath, I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts. 212 00:18:05,217 --> 00:18:12,157 Yahweh, Sabaoth, the Lord who leads the armies, whom you have defied. 213 00:18:13,659 --> 00:18:19,198 For the battle now is the Lord's and he will give you into our hand. 214 00:18:20,299 --> 00:18:30,242 So David recognizes it's not going to be through me, but it's the Lord's and so the Lord can use anyone, even a youngster like myself. 215 00:18:31,643 --> 00:18:40,419 And of course, then he gathers the five smooth stones by the riverbank and takes the first one. 216 00:18:41,253 --> 00:18:43,922 Lets it fly from his slingshot. 217 00:18:45,124 --> 00:18:50,462 It plants right in the forehead of Goliath like a third eye and he falls over. 218 00:18:51,396 --> 00:18:58,337 And David just goes right up to him, pulls Goliath's own sword and severs the giant's head. 219 00:18:59,037 --> 00:19:02,841 And it's a great victory, a great battle. That is won. 220 00:19:02,841 --> 00:19:09,848 Israel now is delivered from this Philistine oppression. 221 00:19:10,883 --> 00:19:20,859 David becomes a national hero and all the teenage girls in Israel now are putting up posters of David in their bedrooms. 222 00:19:22,394 --> 00:19:24,563 And everybody is claiming him. 223 00:19:25,063 --> 00:19:29,034 Saul has killed his thousands, but David has killed his ten thousands. 224 00:19:29,801 --> 00:19:32,204 And now he's the hero. 225 00:19:33,338 --> 00:19:45,384 One of the prizes that Saul had offered to anyone who would fight and defeat Goliath was the hand of his own daughter, Saul's own daughter, Michal. 226 00:19:55,727 --> 00:20:00,866 And Saul already is sensing the threat that David is. 227 00:20:00,866 --> 00:20:05,637 So he says, well yeah, you can have my daughter, but there is one more condition. 228 00:20:06,672 --> 00:20:15,147 You have to present to me as a dowry price 100 foreskins from Philistines. 229 00:20:16,615 --> 00:20:25,624 Well obviously, Philistines aren't just going to line up and let David cut away to get their foreskins. 230 00:20:25,624 --> 00:20:34,900 So in a sense, you've got to kill 100 Philistines and Saul is again thinking he's not going to make it. This is a way to get rid of him. 231 00:20:35,334 --> 00:20:45,210 But David prevails and brings the bridal price and so he's married to Michal. 232 00:20:46,211 --> 00:20:55,320 Okay? Saul eventually becomes very, very jealous and there's a paranoia that comes in over him. 233 00:20:56,221 --> 00:21:01,226 You can almost see mental sickness, but certainly spiritual sickness in this paranoia. 234 00:21:02,394 --> 00:21:09,067 Already Samuel has told him the kingdom's going to be tore away from you and given to another. 235 00:21:09,768 --> 00:21:16,975 And here it's becoming clear to everyone who that other will be and especially to Saul that it's David. 236 00:21:18,076 --> 00:21:26,785 However, initially David is brought into the royal complex here and serves in the courtyard. 237 00:21:26,785 --> 00:21:41,166 He plays his harp, the stringed instrument, lyre, for Saul and that soothes some of Saul's mental torment, his mental illness, his spiritual illness. 238 00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:54,146 We're told at this time that the Spirit of the Lord has left Saul and that an evil spirit, demonic spirit, has come to oppress him. 239 00:21:54,146 --> 00:22:04,489 And so also at this time David becomes close friends, dear friend, to Jonathan and Jonathan to David. 240 00:22:04,656 --> 00:22:12,364 Jonathan is the firstborn of Saul so he should be the successor to the kingship in the dynastic rule. 241 00:22:12,831 --> 00:22:20,539 But even Jonathan is recognizing what the Lord's will and Jonathan is a very noble figure in this. 242 00:22:20,539 --> 00:22:33,685 That he is willing to submit to the Lord's will, recognizing David will be the next king and supporting David through that, not clamoring for his own personal ambition. 243 00:22:34,886 --> 00:22:41,493 He even gives David his own sword as a gift of loyalty and friendship. 244 00:22:42,494 --> 00:22:56,641 But finally, Saul breaks, if you will, and while David is playing the lyre in his presence, Saul takes a spear and throws it and just misses David. 245 00:22:57,409 --> 00:22:59,878 David now knows he's got to run for his life. 246 00:23:00,879 --> 00:23:10,021 He flees with the assistance of Michal, his wife, who lets him down so that he can escape the palace. 247 00:23:10,021 --> 00:23:27,239 He meets out in the woods with Jonathan and they pledge their undying friendship and love to one another, even though now they must obviously part ways. 248 00:23:32,377 --> 00:23:40,652 David then is pursued. He is a refugee. He is a man on the run and he's pursued by Saul. 249 00:23:41,353 --> 00:23:51,763 Saul's palace is here in Gibeah, right there, not far from where Jerusalem is, just north of Jerusalem. 250 00:23:52,664 --> 00:23:57,102 David flees and he flees to the south and to the east to Nob. 251 00:23:58,603 --> 00:24:07,712 And again, he's a fugitive, but he's taken in by a priest who is attending to the tabernacle there. 252 00:24:07,712 --> 00:24:18,123 Okay? Remember the ark is here in Kiriath-jearim, but the tabernacle has been moved down to Nob. 253 00:24:18,824 --> 00:24:23,261 And the ark isn't in the tabernacle. Why it isn't, I don't know. 254 00:24:23,595 --> 00:24:26,465 But they're still carrying out their priestly activities. 255 00:24:26,865 --> 00:24:37,275 And you remember there's the table of showbread, the table of the twelve pita breads representing the presence of Israel in the holy place. 256 00:24:37,709 --> 00:24:45,450 David is famished and the priest there says, we don't have anything but this sacred bread. 257 00:24:46,551 --> 00:24:56,695 And David says, give it to me. I need it. I'm on the lam here. And the priest abidges that. 258 00:24:56,695 --> 00:25:05,637 Okay? There was nothing really that violated the law of Moses in that as long as the priest provided it to David. 259 00:25:05,904 --> 00:25:19,684 The priests themselves would eat this. But Jesus picks this up later on in the Gospels where the Pharisees are so upset that he and his disciples were eating on the Sabbath day. 260 00:25:19,684 --> 00:25:24,155 Remember harvesting grain and picking the grain while they go through the grain fields? 261 00:25:24,756 --> 00:25:28,326 And they say, why do you do this? Why do you break the law of God? 262 00:25:28,994 --> 00:25:33,932 And David said, well, look back to King David, what he did. 263 00:25:33,932 --> 00:25:49,848 He ate the sacred loaves. And yet he was the Lord's anointed. The point is, I'm the Lord's anointed and I am Lord over the Sabbath itself here. 264 00:25:50,115 --> 00:25:52,350 So he makes reference to that point. 265 00:25:53,351 --> 00:26:04,195 But then Saul is out with his posse to catch David. And in this episode, it's like David is just always one step ahead of Saul. 266 00:26:06,531 --> 00:26:14,873 There's so many close calls where David could have been caught by Saul. And he gets away from Saul and the tabernacle. 267 00:26:14,873 --> 00:26:29,955 But Saul comes and his forces slaughter the priests of Nob. So it's again just showing how extreme he will go. 268 00:26:30,655 --> 00:26:38,463 And kind of his, I mean, he's just a ravaging maniac here. A tyrant. 269 00:26:39,464 --> 00:26:52,043 Okay. So David then flees down into the wilderness of Judea. He becomes a fugitive down there. 270 00:26:52,043 --> 00:27:11,630 And he gathers around himself a band of kind of other fugitives, those who had been in debt and so forth, who become his like Robin Hood and the merry band there. 271 00:27:11,630 --> 00:27:26,111 So this is his group of his gang. About 600 men. They're outlaws. Kind of like Jesse James on the run. 272 00:27:27,112 --> 00:27:37,522 But in the wilderness here in the desert of En-Gedi, he's hiding away in these strongholds and so forth. 273 00:27:37,522 --> 00:27:47,832 Okay. Eventually, he will take refuge in Gath. Okay. Well, actually early on and then go back. 274 00:27:48,500 --> 00:28:00,078 So he's in such desperate straits that he has to take refuge among the Philistines. And the king of Gath, Ekron, takes him in. 275 00:28:00,912 --> 00:28:11,089 David has to feign insanity. So he's slobbering, Spittle is dripping from his beard, and he's like scratching the walls and stuff like that. 276 00:28:11,156 --> 00:28:20,065 Acting like he's insane so that the Philistines don't think that he's a threat. Because he's gone to the very hometown of Goliath. 277 00:28:21,299 --> 00:28:30,508 And this is the only way that he's able to survive. So just kind of like Joseph we saw earlier, and like Moses. 278 00:28:31,576 --> 00:28:47,892 Joseph put in prison Moses who had to go into the wilderness for 40 years. And now David, God brings his leaders low so that they learn dependence upon him and humility before him, before he raises them up. 279 00:28:47,892 --> 00:29:04,109 So David's in about the lowest spot you can get. Okay. During this time then, he has a couple of opportunities while Saul and his raiders are out seeking to destroy him. 280 00:29:04,109 --> 00:29:21,860 To actually kill Saul. While Saul is sleeping, his guards fail to watch over him. And David had the opportunity to kill him. David's companion here is Joab. Someone else you need to know. 281 00:29:26,564 --> 00:29:42,914 He becomes his general, five star general later on in his kingdom. But even this early time Joab is there. And Joab would like to run Saul through. But David says no. Touch not the Lord's anointed. 282 00:29:43,515 --> 00:29:58,730 Saul is still the king. He's still anointed of the Lord. If Saul is to be taken out, God will see that that will be done. I'm not going to take that into my own hands. So he entrusts to the Lord the destiny of Saul. 283 00:30:00,365 --> 00:30:22,887 But he actually in this incident does cut from the hem of Saul, part of his robe, and then gets to a safe distance and holds up that piece of fabric that had been cut off. And says Saul look, you could have been killed. I could have killed you. So he shows that intention. 284 00:30:22,887 --> 00:30:40,605 David eventually then also gains a wife, Abigail. A nice little story behind that. So now he has Michal who's back at the palace. Obviously he's separated from her, but he has another wife, Abigail. 285 00:30:40,605 --> 00:31:06,631 Okay. So what we have now is his flight from Saul, refuge in the wilderness and Philistia. And then the latter part of 1 Samuel has the death of Saul and his sons, including Jonathan at Gilboa. Death of Saul and his sons at Gilboa. 286 00:31:07,866 --> 00:31:27,118 What happens here is that you have the Philistines once again who invade and are trying to take this area up to the southwest of the Sea of Galilee. Okay. And there's a great battle that takes place here at Mount Gilboa. 287 00:31:27,952 --> 00:31:37,428 Saul and his forces then are there to defend the Israelite territory against the Philistines. So it's in this region that we're talking here. 288 00:31:38,863 --> 00:31:49,707 And while he's up there, Saul is seeking guidance from the Lord. Yahweh, what should I do? Give me guidance. Give me a sign here. Tell me what to do. 289 00:31:49,707 --> 00:31:57,849 But remember the Spirit of the Lord has departed from him, so the Lord is silent. Silent to Saul. 290 00:31:59,017 --> 00:32:13,698 Saul earlier, to his credit, had expunged the land of all of its witches and warlocks and sorcerers and so forth and mediums, just as the law of Moses had said. 291 00:32:14,666 --> 00:32:28,313 But now he's so desperate, he says, find me a medium. Find me a witch. I've got to get some word from the supernatural in terms of which way I should go, some direction. 292 00:32:29,714 --> 00:32:34,052 Maybe she'll be able to connect me with someone who can help me. 293 00:32:34,052 --> 00:32:50,868 And so they find out that there's still a witch up in Endor, the witch of Endor. And so he goes to her and asks her to conjure up, of all people, Samuel. 294 00:32:52,904 --> 00:33:10,088 And lo and behold, Samuel appears. Now this does not mean that God here condones seances and mediums and conjuring up dead spirits and so forth. 295 00:33:10,088 --> 00:33:18,563 But what we see is that God can use, he can kind of bypass even that which is evil. 296 00:33:22,934 --> 00:33:28,473 So we saw that earlier. I'm trying to think. Now I remembered. 297 00:33:31,476 --> 00:33:33,811 Balak and Balaam. 298 00:33:34,712 --> 00:33:46,557 Balaam, that sorcerer from Mesopotamia who the Lord used to speak blessings upon Israel and curses upon the enemies of Israel from the mouth of this sorcerer. 299 00:33:47,725 --> 00:34:03,541 So God can do whatever he wants. And in this case, Samuel appears and the witch is surprised herself. She wasn't expecting this to really happen. 300 00:34:03,875 --> 00:34:12,683 And then she knows, oh, you're Saul. And she fears for her life because Saul's the one who's been getting rid of all the witches and warlocks and such. 301 00:34:13,351 --> 00:34:28,366 But Samuel essentially says to Saul, you already know what's going to happen. I told you that. I told you what the Lord's will is that the kingdom be wrested from you. 302 00:34:29,767 --> 00:34:33,805 So that's what the case will be here. 303 00:34:33,805 --> 00:34:44,015 And then at the battle of Gilboa, the Philistines succeed. Saul's sons are killed, including Jonathan. 304 00:34:44,782 --> 00:34:56,561 And Saul himself is injured by an arrow and takes his own life, commits suicide, falls on his own sword and dies. 305 00:34:56,561 --> 00:35:03,568 And so that's essentially the end of 1 Samuel taking place up here. 306 00:35:06,070 --> 00:35:13,845 The Philistines treat very badly the bodies of Saul and his sons, the princes, including Jonathan. 307 00:35:13,845 --> 00:35:20,017 Their heads are cut off. Their bodies are hung up in Beth-shan. 308 00:35:20,618 --> 00:35:32,630 And the men of Jabesh Gilead, remember the Benjaminites from his tribe who had originally been delivered at the very start when Saul became king from the Ammonites. 309 00:35:32,897 --> 00:35:42,673 They come and bravely rescue the body and so his body and the bodies of Jonathan and the two other brothers are given a solemn burial. 310 00:35:44,375 --> 00:35:56,087 Okay. So that's the narrative here of 1 Samuel. Any questions or comments about that? 311 00:35:56,087 --> 00:36:01,259 So Michal is Jonathan's sister or were they, did Saul have multiple wives? 312 00:36:02,693 --> 00:36:07,765 That's a good question. I don't know for sure. I'm assuming it's Jonathan's sister. 313 00:36:08,466 --> 00:36:10,434 I didn't know who to direct her. 314 00:36:10,434 --> 00:36:21,779 Right. Right. Right. It's certainly not uncommon as we've seen here for them to have multiple wives that... 315 00:36:24,515 --> 00:36:30,388 My assumption is that she is not just a half-sister of Jonathan. 316 00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:52,877 It's kind of a little surprising how little it says about Samuel. It's kind of just as an afterthought a set up to the fact that Saul tries to call him up. 317 00:36:53,444 --> 00:36:58,783 Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Where it's described it's just kind of a, oh yes, by this time Samuel died. 318 00:36:58,783 --> 00:37:02,119 What's this word we're just looking at? When did Sam die? 319 00:37:03,688 --> 00:37:09,126 I'm not sure. I remember a passage that kind of says, oh yeah, by this time he had died. 320 00:37:09,660 --> 00:37:14,932 It's the same chapter in which Saul goes to the woman that he met again. 321 00:37:16,701 --> 00:37:17,235 Okay. 322 00:37:17,435 --> 00:37:18,869 Oh now Sam, chapter 25. 323 00:37:19,971 --> 00:37:21,939 Okay. Yeah. 324 00:37:22,940 --> 00:37:31,916 But he had earlier given kind of his farewell. I don't remember which chapter that is. That's almost a whole chapter. 325 00:37:34,352 --> 00:37:44,562 Yeah, chapter 12. Because now he recognizes that Saul will take over the rulership. The new king will take over the rulership. 326 00:37:44,562 --> 00:37:53,571 So he gives a farewell speech and really reaffirms the covenant at that time. So he kind of fades from the scene from there. 327 00:37:54,505 --> 00:37:59,543 Other than coming back to rebuke Saul, whether alive or dead. 328 00:38:02,613 --> 00:38:05,383 Okay. Any others? 329 00:38:08,319 --> 00:38:16,394 Okay. Well, we'll then continue here for another 15 minutes and then take a break. Let's move on to David. 330 00:38:21,732 --> 00:38:25,870 David, his reign is described in 2 Samuel. 331 00:38:28,372 --> 00:38:36,414 So you think of the turn here now into 2 Samuel. And you can see the years of his reign. 332 00:38:36,647 --> 00:38:44,155 And it's very convenient that he begins his reign in 1000 B.C. So that's easy to remember. 333 00:38:45,656 --> 00:38:53,331 Some of the most significant events in Old Testament history are roughly about 500 years apart. 334 00:38:53,331 --> 00:39:04,475 Yeah. So you've got the year 2000. That's Abraham. Roughly about 1500 is the Exodus. 335 00:39:07,244 --> 00:39:19,890 1000 then is David. And then roughly 500 will be the return from exile. 336 00:39:24,028 --> 00:39:37,108 Back into the land. So it's kind of nice to keep in terms of this framework of 500 years much of the chronology of the Old Testament. 337 00:39:39,009 --> 00:39:42,213 He reigns for 40 years, as you can see here. 338 00:39:42,213 --> 00:39:57,228 And at the beginning of 2 Samuel here, the Israelite territory is depicted here on this map in the two colors, the red and the purple. 339 00:39:58,429 --> 00:40:11,609 So this is the occupied territory of the Israelites. By the time David, his reign is complete, it will take up this whole territory. 340 00:40:12,209 --> 00:40:15,613 So you see that he'll expand the territory very significantly. 341 00:40:18,416 --> 00:40:29,927 David does not assume kingship, the monarchy of the entire territory possessed by the Israelites, immediately upon the death of Saul. 342 00:40:31,195 --> 00:40:37,168 It's not for another seven years that David will in fact be king of all of this territory. 343 00:40:37,168 --> 00:40:53,851 At first, he is king just of the southern part, the tribe of Judah. Its capital at this time is Hebron, and he is anointed as king there, or I shouldn't say it, is recognized as king there. 344 00:40:55,085 --> 00:41:04,395 One of Saul's other sons, Ish-Bosheth, becomes the king to the north. 345 00:41:05,029 --> 00:41:13,704 So the northern tribes here are not recognizing David as the king, they're still recognizing a son of Saul as the king. 346 00:41:13,704 --> 00:41:29,753 So already you're seeing this kind of identification of the south and the north and the loyalties that are kind of partisan that will appear again in the divided kingdom. 347 00:41:29,753 --> 00:41:44,235 So David then is acclaimed king in Hebron. He is anointed as king and crowned king there. 348 00:41:44,235 --> 00:41:59,984 But eventually, through all kinds of intrigue and betrayal and so forth, Ish-Bosheth is killed. 349 00:41:59,984 --> 00:42:12,129 Saul's general, David's general, had been Joab. Saul's general's name was Abner. 350 00:42:16,500 --> 00:42:24,308 Abner then becomes kind of the right-hand man to Ish-Bosheth, who is the king of the northern territory. 351 00:42:24,975 --> 00:42:33,083 But he eventually betrays Ish-Bosheth, and in fact Joab takes out Abner. 352 00:42:34,118 --> 00:42:44,895 So not only do you have the rival to the throne, Ish-Bosheth, rival to David I should say, taken out, but his right-hand man Abner is taken out. 353 00:42:45,329 --> 00:42:50,134 And you can read all the gory details about that on your own. 354 00:42:51,135 --> 00:43:00,144 Okay? David now becomes the ruler of all of this territory. It's a united kingdom once again. 355 00:43:00,945 --> 00:43:11,855 And he uses great wisdom in locating the capital of the entire kingdom in Jerusalem. 356 00:43:12,623 --> 00:43:19,630 Why is that? Well, you notice first of all Jerusalem is about right on the border between the two. 357 00:43:20,130 --> 00:43:25,970 So he's kind of like dividing up loyalty, making it right on the border here. 358 00:43:27,171 --> 00:43:34,111 Another point is that he takes a stronghold that wasn't even Israelite. 359 00:43:34,745 --> 00:43:48,092 Jerusalem was occupied by the Jebusites, and it was a great stronghold, and the Israelites were not able to wrest it from them, or didn't trust the Lord enough to wrest it from the Jebusites. 360 00:43:49,126 --> 00:43:56,700 David does. David takes it, and he claims this as his own city. 361 00:43:57,234 --> 00:44:04,174 And so Jerusalem will now be called the City of David to this very day. 362 00:44:04,475 --> 00:44:09,013 If you go to Jerusalem, you'll see it's referred to as the City of David. 363 00:44:09,313 --> 00:44:14,351 It's kind of his own personal city, so it's not designated to any certain tribe. 364 00:44:15,586 --> 00:44:21,959 A parallel to this would be our District of Columbia, Washington, D.C. 365 00:44:23,060 --> 00:44:32,770 It's its own entity. It's not a part of any of the 50 states. It's its own entity. So Jerusalem was that as well. 366 00:44:32,770 --> 00:44:43,747 So that becomes the new capital, and David is also brilliant in bringing the Ark of the Covenant to this capital. 367 00:44:45,349 --> 00:44:57,494 The Ark had been in Kiriath-jearim in the farmhouse of Abedab, and so he fetches this. 368 00:44:57,494 --> 00:45:06,503 And it's a politically brilliant move, because the Ark of the Covenant had been the central focus politically of the tribal confederacy. 369 00:45:08,205 --> 00:45:20,217 But it's also a very faithful, spiritual, religious move in that he is recognizing that Yahweh is the true King. 370 00:45:20,217 --> 00:45:28,592 It's a confession of faith saying Yahweh is the real King. We need to bring His throne to the capital city. 371 00:45:29,293 --> 00:45:44,575 And so David now will reflect what Moses had originally prescribed as the role of the King, to be the vice regent to the true King, Yahweh. 372 00:45:44,575 --> 00:45:51,482 He humbles himself, submits himself to the will of the Lord, and the Lord is brought then to the kingdom. 373 00:45:52,416 --> 00:45:58,555 Okay, and there's an interesting account to the bringing of the Ark to Jerusalem. 374 00:45:59,389 --> 00:46:06,363 But eventually it arrives there. David leads the procession, singing, singing songs, 375 00:46:06,363 --> 00:46:13,904 lift up your heads, you mighty gates, that the King of Glory may come in. Who is this King of Glory? The Lord of hosts. 376 00:46:15,205 --> 00:46:27,251 So, singing that song, psalm. He also, just as in such joy, that he starts stripping off clothes and dancing around. 377 00:46:27,251 --> 00:46:37,060 And eventually he's just in his skivvies. And Michal, his wife, observes this and she says, 378 00:46:37,194 --> 00:46:44,935 Oh, that is just so beneath you. That's so undignified of the King to do that. And she despises him. 379 00:46:45,536 --> 00:46:54,011 And so he says, Hey, I'm worshipping the Lord here. It's to His glory and He received my worship that way. 380 00:46:54,011 --> 00:47:02,286 I'm not, I don't care about etiquette and appearances here, as long as I'm worshipping the Lord. 381 00:47:02,653 --> 00:47:07,457 So from that time on, there is estrangement between David and Michal. 382 00:47:09,726 --> 00:47:21,071 And Michal has no children, which says to us that David and Michal are kind of, well, he's keeping his distance from her. 383 00:47:21,905 --> 00:47:33,617 Okay, so another thing that is characteristic of David's reign then is also the conquest of the land. 384 00:47:33,750 --> 00:47:41,592 So he expands the territory of Israel beyond what it had ever been before and would ever be again. 385 00:47:42,226 --> 00:47:48,532 So this is the golden age of Israelite history. All of his military campaigns. 386 00:47:48,532 --> 00:47:54,538 He is the one who now, once and for all, puts the Philistines at bay. 387 00:47:55,172 --> 00:48:02,145 You don't hear anything more about the Philistines being a problem to the Israelites after David. 388 00:48:03,814 --> 00:48:09,186 Also to the north, the Syrians, and then all of these ites down here. 389 00:48:09,820 --> 00:48:18,028 Edomites, Ammonites, Moabites, Amalekites, he subdues and makes them subject to him. 390 00:48:18,528 --> 00:48:24,368 This is now the border of Israel under David's reign. 391 00:48:24,735 --> 00:48:34,978 The Philistines still have some sovereignty, but they're just kind of a benign presence from here on out. 392 00:48:35,479 --> 00:48:42,653 And then up here along the coast, this is Philistia. I'm sorry, Phoenicia. Correction, Phoenicia. 393 00:48:43,654 --> 00:48:56,633 And David will be in alliance with Phoenicia, especially with Hiram, the king of Tyre. 394 00:49:01,638 --> 00:49:10,514 For trade and for the expertise of the Phoenician craftsmen who build David's palace. 395 00:49:10,514 --> 00:49:16,420 So a big palace is built by the Phoenicians, the Phoenician craftsmen here. 396 00:49:17,354 --> 00:49:26,463 Okay, so it's a glorious time of Israelite history. Something that you will need to note for the competency exam. 397 00:49:27,164 --> 00:49:35,505 One of the questions, multi-choice, has to do with David's conquests, and he never lost one. 398 00:49:35,505 --> 00:49:46,116 Okay, so he never loses any of his campaigns. This shows the Lord's presence and blessing upon him. Never loses a campaign. 399 00:49:47,017 --> 00:50:01,365 So now you have this rule from Jerusalem, the Star of David. Even to this day, the sign of the state of Israel, the Star of David there at Jerusalem. 400 00:50:01,365 --> 00:50:09,506 He is the king. The Ark of the Covenant is there, so Yahweh is the true king, and it's a glorious time. 401 00:50:11,908 --> 00:50:21,952 Another significant development during David's reign is the dynasty, the Davidic dynasty. 402 00:50:22,853 --> 00:50:29,659 And this takes place in 2 Samuel, chapter 7, where you read about this. 403 00:50:29,659 --> 00:50:48,645 And there is a prophet by the name of Nathan, who is, in a sense, David's advisor, and David seeks the will of the Lord through Nathan. 404 00:50:51,748 --> 00:51:00,991 And David says to Nathan, go inform the Lord that I would like to build him a house. 405 00:51:02,225 --> 00:51:10,200 The Lord right now is in a tent. The Ark had been brought to Jerusalem, the tabernacle had been brought to Jerusalem. 406 00:51:10,200 --> 00:51:15,305 Now, finally, the two had been reconnected, the Ark housed in the tabernacle in the tent. 407 00:51:15,572 --> 00:51:22,245 And David says, here I am in this posh building, the palace, and the Lord's in a tent. The true king's in a tent. 408 00:51:22,446 --> 00:51:28,952 I want to build him a palace. I want to build him a house. I want to build him a permanent temple. 409 00:51:30,954 --> 00:51:38,895 And so Nathan takes that word to the Lord. Nathan initially says, I think that's a great idea. 410 00:51:40,197 --> 00:51:47,370 You are really on target there, David. But he takes it to the Lord, and the Lord said, well, no, that's not my plan. 411 00:51:48,672 --> 00:51:56,246 Not for the time being. But because of David's heart and the intention of his heart, go back and tell him this. 412 00:51:57,214 --> 00:52:03,653 David, you will not build me a house, but I will build you a house. 413 00:52:05,088 --> 00:52:12,295 And the house he's referring to is a dynasty. A dynasty. 414 00:52:13,663 --> 00:52:22,772 So we talk about like the house of Habsburg, the Habsburg dynasty of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. 415 00:52:23,673 --> 00:52:31,114 So house means dynasty here. I'll build you a house. It's a play on words, dynasty. 416 00:52:31,114 --> 00:52:49,032 And it will be an eternal house, an eternal dynasty. That is, your descendant will always be upon the throne of Israel, of God's chosen people. 417 00:52:49,533 --> 00:52:54,504 Your descendant. Your dynasty will not be broken. It will always be on that throne. 418 00:52:54,671 --> 00:52:59,776 And as long as there is a throne, your descendant will be on it. 419 00:53:00,777 --> 00:53:11,988 Now later on with the exile, Jerusalem will be destroyed, the palace will be destroyed, there will be no throne, there will be no king of Judah. 420 00:53:12,789 --> 00:53:22,599 But the line of David will continue on until it finds its final ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. 421 00:53:22,599 --> 00:53:33,710 This is why the genealogies in the opening chapters of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke emphasize the Davidic ancestry of Jesus. 422 00:53:34,444 --> 00:53:40,817 Because it's from that line now that the ultimate, eternal ruler will come. 423 00:53:41,818 --> 00:54:00,270 And so here you have God's covenant. This is called the Davidic covenant, covenant with David, the unilateral covenant of divine commitment to David that the dynasty, the lineage will come from him and will not be broken. 424 00:54:01,371 --> 00:54:08,712 Ultimately fulfilled as the prophets will make very clear in the coming of the Messiah who will be of the line of David. 425 00:54:10,113 --> 00:54:18,221 Okay, but not everything is wonderful and peaches and cream with David's empire here in his reign. 426 00:54:19,422 --> 00:54:22,025 So we'll pick that up though after the break.