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Let's resume if we can because I think

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we've got till 3 o'clock, don't we?

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00:00:17,384 --> 00:00:20,086
I just want to make sure we can get

4
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through at least the lion's share of what

5
00:00:23,289 --> 00:00:24,224
I want to

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get through with you.

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If we can't, that's fine.

8
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But also if you've got questions or

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things that you want to talk about at the

10
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end, have

11
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some time for that as well.

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Just at the end of Book 2, we've talked

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about the end of Book 2 already.

14
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We talked about Psalm 72 already of or

15
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for Solomon.

16
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But we didn't read this first line and

17
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you can see why it makes sense that as an

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authored

19
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individual composition, it's a psalm of

20
00:00:59,726 --> 00:01:00,493
Solomon.

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He wrote it as his.

22
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But by the time you've got the prayers of

23
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David, the son of Jesse, and I think that

24
00:01:09,269 --> 00:01:11,037
genealogical qualification is really

25
00:01:11,037 --> 00:01:12,806
significant in the Psalms because it

26
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helps us to read

27
00:01:13,706 --> 00:01:17,811
the Psalms that proceed of David as

28
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David, son of Jesse, not his greater

29
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successor, not

30
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David writ large, bearing in mind that

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even prophets like Ezekiel would use the

32
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name David

33
00:01:30,123 --> 00:01:32,192
in reference to future kingship.

34
00:01:32,358 --> 00:01:34,661
They'd just say, yeah, when David is the

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king again, when David's the king.

36
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So, sorry, Ezekiel 34 and 37 speak just

37
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this way.

38
00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:45,839
I'm just going to take a look at that

39
00:01:45,839 --> 00:01:46,473
with you.

40
00:01:46,906 --> 00:01:49,242
If we could just so we can sort of see

41
00:01:49,242 --> 00:01:50,743
what I'm talking about.

42
00:01:51,111 --> 00:01:53,947
About versus 24, 25 thereabouts.

43
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In 34, I will set up over them one

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shepherd, my servant David, and he shall

45
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feed them and

46
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be their shepherd and I the Lord will be

47
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their God and my servant David shall be

48
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prince among

49
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them.

50
00:02:11,764 --> 00:02:12,832
I am the Lord I have spoken.

51
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Now this is Ezekiel, an exilic prophet.

52
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He's a long time after David ben Jesse.

53
00:02:19,472 --> 00:02:21,307
That's Ezekiel 34 versus what?

54
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That's 23 to 24.

55
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And the same sort of thing in 37:24 to

56
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25.

57
00:02:26,779 --> 00:02:28,615
My servant David shall be king over them.

58
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So you get the point.

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The prophets could speak of David and not

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mean David ben Jesse, clearly.

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He's been dead for 500 years, 400 years,

62
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something like that.

63
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They're talking about restored monarchy,

64
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that the house of David restored,

65
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kingship writ

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large.

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And so when you're reading this son of

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Jesse qualifier here, the prayers of

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David, so Jesse

70
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ended, but not necessarily the prayers of

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David.

72
00:02:55,108 --> 00:02:56,709
And that's important because we're going

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to get prayers of David coming later.

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And this is one of these things that, I

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mean you saw the big diagram before,

76
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there were

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red columns on this side of Psalm 72.

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In fact, look at how Psalm 86 is titled.

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This is the most stunning example of all

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I think.

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00:03:15,328 --> 00:03:18,264
Psalm 86, what's it called?

82
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A prayer of David.

83
00:03:22,969 --> 00:03:25,205
At Tefillah in Hebrew, this is Tefillot,

84
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the plural, a prayer.

85
00:03:26,873 --> 00:03:27,707
Prayers, same word.

86
00:03:27,707 --> 00:03:30,243
But there are only five Psalms called a

87
00:03:30,243 --> 00:03:32,645
prayer in the whole 150, one in 30.

88
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They're pretty rare.

89
00:03:34,547 --> 00:03:36,616
And yet the very next Davidic Psalm we

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get, if this seems a contradiction that

91
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we should

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have more Davidic Psalms after they're

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said to be ended here, well, a prayer of

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David

95
00:03:47,026 --> 00:03:48,828
in 86, that's a big contradiction.

96
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Well, it's not a contradiction.

97
00:03:50,230 --> 00:03:52,332
It's not a contradiction because it's not

98
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talking about David ben Jesse anymore.

99
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And when the Davidic voice that we see

100
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coming over beyond this point is far more

101
00:04:03,176 --> 00:04:04,444
explicitly

102
00:04:04,444 --> 00:04:07,413
or more in focus as David's greater son,

103
00:04:07,413 --> 00:04:09,549
you know, his greater heir.

104
00:04:11,150 --> 00:04:14,621
And Psalm 86 reads like a royal

105
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intercession.

106
00:04:17,490 --> 00:04:20,226
This guy is beaten up, he's got much to

107
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lament, he's poor and needy.

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In the day of my trouble I call on you.

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We read that a moment ago.

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And then he says some more stuff.

111
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But what he says, what he prays for is

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for others.

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It's intercessory in nature.

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In fact, look at what he says in verse

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nine.

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I mean, there's plenty of be gracious to

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me, Lord, for I call to you.

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But then, you know, in verse eight, there

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is none like you among the gods, O Lord,

120
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there are none, nor are there any works

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like yours.

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86 verse nine, all the nations you have

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made shall come and worship before you, O

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Lord,

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and shall glorify your name.

126
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Now think about that.

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What an incredible thing to say in the

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middle of a lament if you're just

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thinking about yourself.

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No, all the nations are going to come

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before you and glorify your name.

132
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He's calling on the day of trouble.

133
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Remember, Psalm 50 had said, I will

134
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deliver you, you will glorify me.

135
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Well, this is being extended to the

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nations.

137
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And he's saying it.

138
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He's not saying it like this is something

139
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God, I want you to do.

140
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He's saying this is what's going to

141
00:05:33,933 --> 00:05:34,367
happen.

142
00:05:35,201 --> 00:05:37,136
The nations are going to glorify you for

143
00:05:37,136 --> 00:05:38,905
you are great and do wondrous things,

144
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etc.

145
00:05:39,906 --> 00:05:42,575
Now look at Psalm 87 following it.

146
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And it's like this has happened at this

147
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point.

148
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Like you get sort of the announcement,

149
00:05:47,980 --> 00:05:49,148
this is going to happen.

150
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And then we start reading in Psalm 87

151
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things like this.

152
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Among those who know me, that is God

153
00:05:55,722 --> 00:05:58,124
speaking here, know me God, I mention

154
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Rahab and Babylon,

155
00:05:59,692 --> 00:06:01,728
behold, Philistia and Tyre with Cush,

156
00:06:01,728 --> 00:06:03,696
this one was born there, they say.

157
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And of Zion it shall be said, this one

158
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and that one were born in her, for the

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Most High himself will establish her.

160
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The Lord records as he registers the

161
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peoples, this one was born there.

162
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So this is a Psalm that celebrates the

163
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in-gathering of nations as children of

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Zion,

165
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born there in Zion, brought to Zion.

166
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But it comes after David, David has

167
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lamented in Psalm 86 in this prayer of

168
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David that's come beyond this point.

169
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So this is what I mean.

170
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The figure of David after this point,

171
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it's not whole concentration of a lot of

172
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Psalms

173
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with a lot of historical notes saying

174
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this is when David was on the run from

175
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Saul or in the cave hiding or running

176
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from Absalom.

177
00:06:52,645 --> 00:06:55,181
Twelve of the thirteen such titles occur

178
00:06:55,181 --> 00:06:57,717
before this point in the Psalter, twelve

179
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of them.

180
00:06:59,018 --> 00:07:00,820
The focus is far more, and I'm going to

181
00:07:00,820 --> 00:07:02,555
go to my next slide because it shows a

182
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bit better.

183
00:07:03,823 --> 00:07:05,091
Oh hang on, no I'm not going to go back.

184
00:07:06,225 --> 00:07:06,726
There we go.

185
00:07:06,926 --> 00:07:09,996
The focus there, over here, is so much

186
00:07:09,996 --> 00:07:12,865
more on the life of actual David Ben

187
00:07:12,865 --> 00:07:13,566
Jesse.

188
00:07:15,034 --> 00:07:18,604
By the way, the last of the thirteenth of

189
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those historical notes is here in about

190
00:07:22,008 --> 00:07:24,444
Psalm 142, I think it is.

191
00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:27,113
And it's an equivalent of one of the

192
00:07:27,113 --> 00:07:29,615
others, which says, when he fled from

193
00:07:29,615 --> 00:07:31,484
Saul and was in the cave.

194
00:07:32,151 --> 00:07:34,253
Only this one has just when he was in the

195
00:07:34,253 --> 00:07:34,620
cave.

196
00:07:35,455 --> 00:07:37,957
So it's kind of the equivalent, but it's

197
00:07:37,957 --> 00:07:39,525
lost its historicality.

198
00:07:40,193 --> 00:07:41,994
The reference to Saul is gone.

199
00:07:42,829 --> 00:07:44,831
So even with the historical note, the

200
00:07:44,831 --> 00:07:46,933
last of the thirteen that does occur in

201
00:07:46,933 --> 00:07:49,101
this part of the Psalter, all the others

202
00:07:49,101 --> 00:07:50,136
are over there.

203
00:07:51,237 --> 00:07:53,439
This one is dehistorised, it's not

204
00:07:53,439 --> 00:07:55,808
focusing on David Ben Jesse per se.

205
00:07:56,375 --> 00:07:59,078
There's this general focus on not David

206
00:07:59,078 --> 00:08:01,614
Ben Jesse in the same way that is in

207
00:08:01,614 --> 00:08:04,283
books one or two here, but more on the

208
00:08:04,283 --> 00:08:06,853
one he foreshadows, the one, the King

209
00:08:06,853 --> 00:08:09,388
Shippered Lodge, the Messiah, I feel

210
00:08:09,388 --> 00:08:10,156
like.

211
00:08:11,457 --> 00:08:13,359
The picture of kingship that we've been

212
00:08:13,359 --> 00:08:14,126
talking about.

213
00:08:16,796 --> 00:08:19,465
Now, I guess just to make sure we don't

214
00:08:19,465 --> 00:08:22,001
miss a little bit here, at the end of

215
00:08:22,001 --> 00:08:24,270
book two, we've talked about this

216
00:08:24,270 --> 00:08:25,104
already.

217
00:08:25,104 --> 00:08:27,740
So we see that there's a prayer of David

218
00:08:27,740 --> 00:08:30,309
for Solomon, in which he says, give the

219
00:08:30,309 --> 00:08:32,545
king your justice, O God, and your

220
00:08:32,545 --> 00:08:34,847
righteousness to the royal son.

221
00:08:35,515 --> 00:08:37,383
So the royal son is the one for whom he's

222
00:08:37,383 --> 00:08:38,985
praying, quite obviously Solomon in

223
00:08:38,985 --> 00:08:40,686
relation to David when we put all this

224
00:08:40,686 --> 00:08:41,554
stuff together.

225
00:08:41,654 --> 00:08:43,289
We get that picture confirmed.

226
00:08:44,056 --> 00:08:46,726
And as you go back a step, Psalm 71 is

227
00:08:46,726 --> 00:08:49,562
one of those anonymous Psalms that after

228
00:08:49,562 --> 00:08:52,465
a Davidic Psalm 70 and before this Psalm,

229
00:08:52,465 --> 00:08:55,334
which has just been said, concludes David

230
00:08:55,334 --> 00:08:58,104
Ben Jesse's prayers, it's quite clearly

231
00:08:58,104 --> 00:09:01,073
meant to be on David's lips as well.

232
00:09:01,607 --> 00:09:03,509
Just look at all the red in book two, at

233
00:09:03,509 --> 00:09:05,411
this end of book two, and you'll see the

234
00:09:05,411 --> 00:09:06,045
same thing.

235
00:09:06,379 --> 00:09:08,147
But look at the references to old age

236
00:09:08,147 --> 00:09:08,514
here.

237
00:09:08,781 --> 00:09:11,684
The picture is one of a David who's at

238
00:09:11,684 --> 00:09:14,754
the end of his life and ready to pass on

239
00:09:14,754 --> 00:09:17,757
the kingship to the next generation, to

240
00:09:17,757 --> 00:09:19,292
his son Solomon.

241
00:09:19,825 --> 00:09:22,762
And I think Solomon himself kind of

242
00:09:22,762 --> 00:09:26,265
stands for kingship and future kingship.

243
00:09:26,666 --> 00:09:29,435
And there's a real theme of royal

244
00:09:29,435 --> 00:09:32,371
succession being implanted upon the

245
00:09:32,371 --> 00:09:35,608
Psalter at this point as we think about

246
00:09:35,608 --> 00:09:37,443
the life of David.

247
00:09:37,643 --> 00:09:38,344
But yeah, look at this.

248
00:09:38,678 --> 00:09:41,113
From my youth and from my mother's womb,

249
00:09:41,113 --> 00:09:43,616
and do not cast me off in the time of old

250
00:09:43,616 --> 00:09:45,851
age or forsake me when my strength is

251
00:09:45,851 --> 00:09:46,385
gone.

252
00:09:46,919 --> 00:09:48,821
God, from my youth you have taught me and

253
00:09:48,821 --> 00:09:50,623
I still proclaim your wondrous deeds.

254
00:09:50,723 --> 00:09:53,125
So even to old age and grey hairs, he's

255
00:09:53,125 --> 00:09:55,394
really, this guy is reflecting on his

256
00:09:55,394 --> 00:09:57,496
long life and is clearly older.

257
00:09:58,364 --> 00:10:00,700
God, do not forsake me until I proclaim

258
00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:02,768
your might to another generation.

259
00:10:02,969 --> 00:10:05,004
So we've got the notion of another

260
00:10:05,004 --> 00:10:07,406
generation coming here, your power to all

261
00:10:07,406 --> 00:10:08,407
those to come.

262
00:10:08,808 --> 00:10:10,543
And then we get Psalm 72.

263
00:10:11,377 --> 00:10:13,579
So just in terms of the movement in the

264
00:10:13,579 --> 00:10:15,514
two halves of the Psalter, if we're

265
00:10:15,514 --> 00:10:17,783
thinking of books one and two, basically

266
00:10:17,783 --> 00:10:18,851
the first half.

267
00:10:20,086 --> 00:10:22,855
We've got that focus here on David and

268
00:10:22,855 --> 00:10:23,422
Jesse.

269
00:10:24,123 --> 00:10:27,526
But afterwards we're looking at, oops,

270
00:10:27,526 --> 00:10:31,197
we're looking at sort of a focus shifting

271
00:10:31,197 --> 00:10:34,600
to kingship as God had promised it.

272
00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:37,269
And that the kind of shape that kingship

273
00:10:37,269 --> 00:10:40,039
takes will come out especially clearly in

274
00:10:40,039 --> 00:10:42,575
these Psalms here in 101 to 103 that I

275
00:10:42,575 --> 00:10:45,044
want to make sure I get to today.

276
00:10:46,579 --> 00:10:48,447
Yeah, so there's our basic pattern.

277
00:10:48,614 --> 00:10:50,583
Now let's move to, I guess let me just

278
00:10:50,583 --> 00:10:51,317
pause there.

279
00:10:51,851 --> 00:10:53,786
Are there any kind of questions about

280
00:10:53,786 --> 00:10:54,520
that so far?

281
00:10:54,754 --> 00:10:56,055
We've looked at books one and two.

282
00:10:56,989 --> 00:10:58,658
We're going to get onto books three to

283
00:10:58,658 --> 00:11:00,393
five in as much as we can attend to them

284
00:11:00,393 --> 00:11:01,627
in the time that remains.

285
00:11:01,927 --> 00:11:02,962
But yes.

286
00:11:02,962 --> 00:11:06,699
So in Psalm 71, verse 18, you said, until

287
00:11:06,699 --> 00:11:09,402
I declare, I'm going to use my

288
00:11:09,402 --> 00:11:13,039
translation since your text has now gone

289
00:11:13,039 --> 00:11:14,774
off the screen.

290
00:11:15,741 --> 00:11:20,179
Until I declare your strength or arm, and

291
00:11:20,179 --> 00:11:24,383
then it says to another generation, you

292
00:11:24,383 --> 00:11:25,251
said.

293
00:11:32,491 --> 00:11:32,892
Yeah.

294
00:11:32,892 --> 00:11:34,393
Yeah, remind me what verse are we?

295
00:11:34,393 --> 00:11:38,130
So Psalm 71, verse 18, the New American

296
00:11:38,130 --> 00:11:41,867
Standard Bible says, and even when I am

297
00:11:41,867 --> 00:11:45,604
old and grey, oh God, do not forsake me

298
00:11:45,604 --> 00:11:48,874
until I declare your strength.

299
00:11:50,810 --> 00:11:52,545
Yeah, it's your arm.

300
00:11:52,678 --> 00:11:54,814
Your arm is literally it.

301
00:11:55,614 --> 00:11:59,552
Yeah, it's not there.

302
00:11:59,952 --> 00:12:01,187
No, it's just to a generation.

303
00:12:01,187 --> 00:12:05,491
But look, yeah, that is a reasonable

304
00:12:05,491 --> 00:12:07,893
interpretive leap.

305
00:12:08,260 --> 00:12:10,362
When you have, it's not much of a leap,

306
00:12:10,362 --> 00:12:12,364
door generation is one of these words

307
00:12:12,364 --> 00:12:14,433
that's thrown together in all sorts of

308
00:12:14,433 --> 00:12:14,934
ways.

309
00:12:14,934 --> 00:12:17,470
And when you see it, it's just bringing

310
00:12:17,470 --> 00:12:19,171
in mind to the next one.

311
00:12:19,171 --> 00:12:22,007
Right after, to this generation, you are

312
00:12:22,007 --> 00:12:24,143
mind to all who are to come.

313
00:12:24,643 --> 00:12:26,779
So that would include what you're talking

314
00:12:26,779 --> 00:12:28,247
about, another generation.

315
00:12:29,081 --> 00:12:30,716
Yeah, to all who will come.

316
00:12:30,883 --> 00:12:32,651
Yeah, to all they will come.

317
00:12:32,885 --> 00:12:34,353
It's very truncated, terse language

318
00:12:34,353 --> 00:12:34,687
there.

319
00:12:34,787 --> 00:12:35,354
But yes, that's right.

320
00:12:35,888 --> 00:12:37,523
Yeah, so it's definitely looking beyond

321
00:12:37,523 --> 00:12:38,524
the here and the now.

322
00:12:38,524 --> 00:12:40,259
He's not just wondering about the last

323
00:12:40,259 --> 00:12:42,094
however many months or years he's got to

324
00:12:42,094 --> 00:12:42,495
live.

325
00:12:42,762 --> 00:12:44,530
He's interested in the next generation.

326
00:12:44,663 --> 00:12:46,532
And Psalm 72 kind of illustrates that,

327
00:12:46,532 --> 00:12:46,866
yeah.

328
00:12:50,169 --> 00:12:52,872
Okay, anything further or shall we press

329
00:12:52,872 --> 00:12:53,205
on?

330
00:12:54,206 --> 00:12:55,174
Let's press on.

331
00:12:56,642 --> 00:12:56,876
Alright.

332
00:12:59,078 --> 00:13:01,480
So I'm sorry this is an inverted diagram

333
00:13:01,480 --> 00:13:03,783
from the others but it's basically the

334
00:13:03,783 --> 00:13:05,050
same in principle.

335
00:13:05,151 --> 00:13:06,285
I've just gone from the top down.

336
00:13:06,385 --> 00:13:08,687
The reason is that I published this in an

337
00:13:08,687 --> 00:13:10,756
article and I didn't want to redo the

338
00:13:10,756 --> 00:13:11,223
work.

339
00:13:11,590 --> 00:13:13,893
So I just put it in there and it

340
00:13:13,893 --> 00:13:16,862
basically says what I wanted it to say.

341
00:13:16,862 --> 00:13:19,064
So what I wanted to show you from this is

342
00:13:19,064 --> 00:13:20,499
just the shape of Book 3.

343
00:13:20,733 --> 00:13:22,201
There is design to this book.

344
00:13:23,035 --> 00:13:25,571
You have this group of Asaph Psalms here.

345
00:13:26,772 --> 00:13:28,841
It's an odd number and the central one,

346
00:13:28,841 --> 00:13:30,943
Psalm 78, is the second longest Psalm in

347
00:13:30,943 --> 00:13:32,044
the whole Psalter.

348
00:13:32,745 --> 00:13:33,712
It's 78 verses.

349
00:13:35,447 --> 00:13:38,717
It's still a long way short of Psalm 119

350
00:13:38,717 --> 00:13:40,619
but, sorry 72 verses.

351
00:13:40,853 --> 00:13:42,188
Yes, it's over 100 verses shorter.

352
00:13:42,188 --> 00:13:44,657
But what that Psalm is about is

353
00:13:44,657 --> 00:13:47,860
fascinating because although Book 3 only

354
00:13:47,860 --> 00:13:49,929
has one Psalm of David,

355
00:13:49,995 --> 00:13:51,764
a prayer of David as we've talked about,

356
00:13:52,498 --> 00:13:54,600
it is actually mentioned a lot in the

357
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:56,702
book, particularly at the end in this

358
00:13:56,702 --> 00:13:58,304
royal lament that we saw,

359
00:13:59,271 --> 00:14:00,105
mentioned a few times.

360
00:14:00,239 --> 00:14:02,208
And by the way, he's called My Servant

361
00:14:02,208 --> 00:14:04,243
David everywhere he's mentioned here.

362
00:14:05,511 --> 00:14:06,712
And remember what Ezekiel said?

363
00:14:07,613 --> 00:14:10,449
My Servant David will be shepherd over

364
00:14:10,449 --> 00:14:10,950
them.

365
00:14:10,950 --> 00:14:12,284
My Servant David always.

366
00:14:12,952 --> 00:14:14,253
I have a question about that, Pastor.

367
00:14:15,054 --> 00:14:17,656
So the word David in Hebrew, Daud, means

368
00:14:17,656 --> 00:14:18,524
my beloved.

369
00:14:19,325 --> 00:14:21,894
So could it be translated, my beloved

370
00:14:21,894 --> 00:14:24,864
servant, which is how Jesus is addressed.

371
00:14:25,397 --> 00:14:27,700
By the Father, behold, this is my beloved

372
00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:29,535
Son in whom I am well pleased.

373
00:14:29,535 --> 00:14:31,203
I think at most you would say there's an

374
00:14:31,203 --> 00:14:32,905
allusion to that and it's a fair allusion

375
00:14:32,905 --> 00:14:34,273
and it's probably significant

376
00:14:34,273 --> 00:14:36,108
but we'll still want to translate by the

377
00:14:36,108 --> 00:14:37,977
proper name so we know who we're talking

378
00:14:37,977 --> 00:14:38,410
about.

379
00:14:38,410 --> 00:14:39,144
I'm just asking.

380
00:14:39,511 --> 00:14:40,212
No, that's fine.

381
00:14:40,212 --> 00:14:42,748
So at the end of Psalm 78, basically

382
00:14:42,748 --> 00:14:45,618
Psalm 78 is kind of like Psalm 106, it's

383
00:14:45,618 --> 00:14:47,086
a historical Psalm

384
00:14:47,086 --> 00:14:49,889
and it shows that sort of cyclical

385
00:14:49,889 --> 00:14:53,259
pattern of sin and faithlessness that you

386
00:14:53,259 --> 00:14:54,560
get in Israel

387
00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:58,264
and it ends with a monarchy, right?

388
00:14:58,464 --> 00:15:01,100
But the monarchy is the answer to the

389
00:15:01,100 --> 00:15:03,002
problem, not the problem.

390
00:15:04,169 --> 00:15:05,537
Confirming again, we were talking about

391
00:15:05,537 --> 00:15:05,971
it before,

392
00:15:05,971 --> 00:15:08,507
that when Israel's sin is on display,

393
00:15:08,507 --> 00:15:11,277
it's not examples of sin from the period

394
00:15:11,277 --> 00:15:12,544
of the monarchy

395
00:15:12,544 --> 00:15:15,180
like we'd find in 1 Kings, it's sin from

396
00:15:15,180 --> 00:15:17,316
the pre-monarchic period, before

397
00:15:17,316 --> 00:15:18,083
kingship.

398
00:15:18,584 --> 00:15:21,720
And actually, if you just look at the end

399
00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:24,757
of Psalm 78 there and see this narrowing

400
00:15:24,757 --> 00:15:26,358
from tribe to city

401
00:15:26,358 --> 00:15:29,094
to king and how it dwells on the king at

402
00:15:29,094 --> 00:15:31,363
the end for a couple of verses.

403
00:15:31,363 --> 00:15:34,700
So long Psalm here, we get, he rejected

404
00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:38,237
the tent of Joseph, he did not choose the

405
00:15:38,237 --> 00:15:39,872
tribe of Ephraim

406
00:15:39,872 --> 00:15:42,608
but he chose the tribe of Judah, tribe,

407
00:15:42,608 --> 00:15:44,677
Mount Zion, which he loves,

408
00:15:44,843 --> 00:15:46,378
city, mountain, where Jerusalem and the

409
00:15:46,378 --> 00:15:46,979
sanctuary is,

410
00:15:47,146 --> 00:15:49,114
he built his sanctuary like the high

411
00:15:49,114 --> 00:15:51,150
heavens, like the earth, which he has

412
00:15:51,150 --> 00:15:52,151
founded forever

413
00:15:52,151 --> 00:15:54,553
and then we get this sustained focus on

414
00:15:54,553 --> 00:15:55,554
David as king.

415
00:15:55,888 --> 00:15:57,690
He chose David his servant.

416
00:15:58,657 --> 00:15:59,825
David his servant here.

417
00:15:59,825 --> 00:16:02,027
And he took him from the sheepfolds and

418
00:16:02,027 --> 00:16:03,963
from following the nursing ewes, he

419
00:16:03,963 --> 00:16:05,798
brought him to shepherd Jacob,

420
00:16:05,931 --> 00:16:07,700
his people, Israel, his inheritance, with

421
00:16:07,700 --> 00:16:09,268
upright heart he shepherded them and

422
00:16:09,268 --> 00:16:10,936
guided them with his skillful hand.

423
00:16:11,704 --> 00:16:13,906
So David is actually central to this

424
00:16:13,906 --> 00:16:16,342
group, this is the only mention of David

425
00:16:16,342 --> 00:16:18,844
in this whole range of 11 Psalms here.

426
00:16:19,511 --> 00:16:22,881
But look where he is, central to the end

427
00:16:22,881 --> 00:16:26,251
of this long kind of cyclical pattern of

428
00:16:26,251 --> 00:16:27,686
unfaithfulness

429
00:16:27,686 --> 00:16:30,456
on display in a similar way as we've seen

430
00:16:30,456 --> 00:16:31,290
elsewhere.

431
00:16:31,790 --> 00:16:34,626
So he's also central to the Korah group,

432
00:16:34,626 --> 00:16:37,629
not by being in a Psalm at the end there,

433
00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:41,533
but by the Psalms of Korah, this second

434
00:16:41,533 --> 00:16:44,870
group, 84 to 88, they're the Korahite

435
00:16:44,870 --> 00:16:45,771
Psalms,

436
00:16:45,804 --> 00:16:49,308
remember 88 was really also an Ethanite

437
00:16:49,308 --> 00:16:52,544
Psalm, a Heman's, Israelite, sorry,

438
00:16:52,544 --> 00:16:53,712
Israelite,

439
00:16:53,712 --> 00:16:55,914
so it's the double superscripted one, but

440
00:16:55,914 --> 00:16:58,017
it's still one of the Korahite Psalms

441
00:16:58,017 --> 00:17:01,754
and David splits these, it's central to

442
00:17:01,754 --> 00:17:02,988
this group.

443
00:17:03,989 --> 00:17:05,924
And here it's more, he's now praying,

444
00:17:05,924 --> 00:17:07,993
he's voicing this and we've looked a bit

445
00:17:07,993 --> 00:17:08,927
at that already

446
00:17:08,927 --> 00:17:12,231
to see its lamenting character and its

447
00:17:12,231 --> 00:17:15,801
announcement of nations coming to glorify

448
00:17:15,801 --> 00:17:16,435
God.

449
00:17:17,102 --> 00:17:19,338
What's interesting is that three times

450
00:17:19,338 --> 00:17:21,807
David refers to himself as your servant.

451
00:17:21,807 --> 00:17:24,410
That's his preferred self-reference,

452
00:17:24,410 --> 00:17:27,112
unless he's just using an I or a me,

453
00:17:27,613 --> 00:17:29,314
which is implicit to the verbs.

454
00:17:29,481 --> 00:17:31,717
In Hebrew you don't have to provide the

455
00:17:31,717 --> 00:17:32,584
word I or me.

456
00:17:32,885 --> 00:17:35,287
There are words for that, but you don't

457
00:17:35,287 --> 00:17:37,189
have to, well particularly I,

458
00:17:37,423 --> 00:17:38,957
it's already there in the verb.

459
00:17:39,491 --> 00:17:41,660
So when he deliberately refers to

460
00:17:41,660 --> 00:17:43,996
himself, it's by this epithet, your

461
00:17:43,996 --> 00:17:44,730
servant.

462
00:17:45,297 --> 00:17:47,666
And likewise Psalm 89, the royal lament

463
00:17:47,666 --> 00:17:49,401
that we looked at early on,

464
00:17:49,401 --> 00:17:52,471
David is my servant, your servant, Lord's

465
00:17:52,471 --> 00:17:53,205
servant.

466
00:17:55,374 --> 00:17:57,476
So I think that's kind of helpful as we

467
00:17:57,476 --> 00:17:59,478
navigate book three to see what we're

468
00:17:59,478 --> 00:18:00,079
reading.

469
00:18:00,245 --> 00:18:03,048
And if you look at the Assaf Psalms,

470
00:18:03,048 --> 00:18:05,918
you'll see that Psalm 73 starts out

471
00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:09,888
with this guy sort of remembering how he

472
00:18:09,888 --> 00:18:12,658
looked, he was in despair,

473
00:18:12,791 --> 00:18:14,693
he was looking at stuff thinking, why do

474
00:18:14,693 --> 00:18:15,994
the wicked always prosper

475
00:18:15,994 --> 00:18:17,529
and they're always healthy and well,

476
00:18:17,529 --> 00:18:18,931
everything goes right for them.

477
00:18:19,932 --> 00:18:21,567
But what about the rest of us?

478
00:18:21,834 --> 00:18:22,301
He's lamenting us.

479
00:18:22,401 --> 00:18:24,603
And then he has a real change because he

480
00:18:24,603 --> 00:18:25,904
looks in the sanctuary

481
00:18:25,904 --> 00:18:27,973
and he observes their end and he sees,

482
00:18:27,973 --> 00:18:29,007
hang on a minute,

483
00:18:30,409 --> 00:18:32,010
he who is in heaven laughs, you know, the

484
00:18:32,010 --> 00:18:32,945
same stuff of Psalm 2.

485
00:18:33,412 --> 00:18:34,646
That stuff doesn't come out that

486
00:18:34,646 --> 00:18:35,147
explicitly,

487
00:18:35,180 --> 00:18:36,482
but it's the same idea.

488
00:18:37,549 --> 00:18:40,452
He looks into the sanctuary and he sees

489
00:18:40,452 --> 00:18:42,454
there's more to this life

490
00:18:42,454 --> 00:18:44,656
than just what we observe here in the

491
00:18:44,656 --> 00:18:45,424
injustices.

492
00:18:46,325 --> 00:18:47,259
God's got this.

493
00:18:47,893 --> 00:18:52,764
But by Psalm 74, the sanctuary is on fire

494
00:18:52,764 --> 00:18:55,467
and the enemy has come and taken to it

495
00:18:55,467 --> 00:18:56,535
with hatchets

496
00:18:56,535 --> 00:18:57,636
and all this sort of stuff.

497
00:18:58,203 --> 00:18:59,972
So you think in exile there.

498
00:19:00,973 --> 00:19:02,741
So at the beginning and the end of this

499
00:19:02,741 --> 00:19:03,075
book,

500
00:19:04,276 --> 00:19:06,311
where we're lamenting the fall of

501
00:19:06,311 --> 00:19:06,979
kingship,

502
00:19:07,379 --> 00:19:08,914
we can see how that all kind of fits

503
00:19:08,914 --> 00:19:09,348
together

504
00:19:09,348 --> 00:19:11,517
with the whole exilic experience.

505
00:19:12,751 --> 00:19:15,420
But meanwhile, in the middle of that,

506
00:19:15,420 --> 00:19:16,788
David is praying.

507
00:19:17,589 --> 00:19:22,060
And we get the picture of a king who is

508
00:19:22,060 --> 00:19:24,696
lamenting, suffering,

509
00:19:25,130 --> 00:19:27,166
if his voice is in some way continuing

510
00:19:27,166 --> 00:19:29,401
through the mouthpiece of the Korahites,

511
00:19:29,535 --> 00:19:32,204
if we remember about the Levites as a

512
00:19:32,204 --> 00:19:33,972
choir and their purpose

513
00:19:33,972 --> 00:19:36,241
in speaking for David in the temple and

514
00:19:36,241 --> 00:19:37,042
all of that,

515
00:19:37,176 --> 00:19:40,312
then we can hear this lament as David's

516
00:19:40,312 --> 00:19:41,046
lament,

517
00:19:41,180 --> 00:19:42,848
as the lament of the Messiah.

518
00:19:44,516 --> 00:19:46,351
So as we move to Book 4...

519
00:19:46,351 --> 00:19:47,519
So you think it's the suffering servant

520
00:19:47,519 --> 00:19:47,953
of our time?

521
00:19:48,587 --> 00:19:50,222
Absolutely it's the suffering servant.

522
00:19:50,656 --> 00:19:52,658
Yeah, this is right.

523
00:19:52,991 --> 00:19:54,326
The suffering servant is...

524
00:19:54,326 --> 00:19:55,661
That's what came to mind as you were

525
00:19:55,661 --> 00:19:56,028
talking.

526
00:19:56,461 --> 00:19:56,828
Yeah, yeah.

527
00:19:56,995 --> 00:19:58,263
This is my beloved...

528
00:19:58,263 --> 00:20:00,632
I think that's part of the picture of the

529
00:20:00,632 --> 00:20:01,833
Messiah that we get

530
00:20:01,833 --> 00:20:02,935
and it's not the last time we're going to

531
00:20:02,935 --> 00:20:03,168
see it.

532
00:20:03,268 --> 00:20:04,636
We're going to see it in Psalm 102 as

533
00:20:04,636 --> 00:20:04,903
well,

534
00:20:05,270 --> 00:20:06,805
which I definitely want to get to before

535
00:20:06,805 --> 00:20:07,206
the end.

536
00:20:07,573 --> 00:20:09,975
So Psalm 86 we've looked at already.

537
00:20:09,975 --> 00:20:11,810
I don't know if there's anything there

538
00:20:11,810 --> 00:20:13,645
that we've not already covered in some

539
00:20:13,645 --> 00:20:14,012
way.

540
00:20:14,346 --> 00:20:15,647
We've talked about this in the day of my

541
00:20:15,647 --> 00:20:15,948
trouble.

542
00:20:16,114 --> 00:20:17,015
I'll call upon you.

543
00:20:17,249 --> 00:20:18,283
Think of Psalm 50 there.

544
00:20:18,951 --> 00:20:20,152
The nations you have made...

545
00:20:20,152 --> 00:20:21,253
Oh, I know there's something I've got to

546
00:20:21,253 --> 00:20:21,687
mention here.

547
00:20:22,387 --> 00:20:23,522
That all the nations you have made shall

548
00:20:23,522 --> 00:20:24,323
come and worship for you.

549
00:20:24,389 --> 00:20:25,090
We talked about that.

550
00:20:25,824 --> 00:20:27,859
I will give thanks to you, Yahweh my God,

551
00:20:27,859 --> 00:20:28,961
with my whole heart.

552
00:20:29,094 --> 00:20:30,262
I will glorify your name.

553
00:20:30,429 --> 00:20:32,631
Remember again that Asaph commands to,

554
00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:36,635
I will save you, you will glorify me.

555
00:20:36,735 --> 00:20:38,470
This is one of those explicit places

556
00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:38,804
where

557
00:20:38,804 --> 00:20:41,340
David of all the figures who could be

558
00:20:41,340 --> 00:20:43,909
speaking in this book of the Psalms

559
00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:46,545
is the one to actually articulate this

560
00:20:46,545 --> 00:20:47,779
stuff and do it.

561
00:20:49,114 --> 00:20:51,250
As Israel reduced to one, he's the king,

562
00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:52,684
he's representing Israel.

563
00:20:56,355 --> 00:20:58,724
And then verse 15, this will ring a bell.

564
00:20:59,491 --> 00:21:01,493
But you, O Lord, are a God merciful and

565
00:21:01,493 --> 00:21:02,828
gracious, slow to anger,

566
00:21:02,995 --> 00:21:04,496
and abounding in steadfast love and

567
00:21:04,496 --> 00:21:06,331
faithfulness, in chesed and faithfulness.

568
00:21:06,765 --> 00:21:07,899
Where do you remember that?

569
00:21:07,899 --> 00:21:09,201
Does that ring any bells?

570
00:21:13,672 --> 00:21:15,807
Yahweh, Yahweh, a God compassionate and

571
00:21:15,807 --> 00:21:17,242
gracious, slow to anger,

572
00:21:17,309 --> 00:21:18,610
and abounding in steadfast love.

573
00:21:18,644 --> 00:21:20,412
This is what God said to Moses.

574
00:21:21,246 --> 00:21:22,914
When Moses asked to see his glory...

575
00:21:23,715 --> 00:21:25,050
Exodus 34:6 and 8.

576
00:21:25,050 --> 00:21:25,417
That's the one.

577
00:21:25,851 --> 00:21:28,186
Verse 6 is where we find this text

578
00:21:28,186 --> 00:21:30,389
exactly, or near enough to it.

579
00:21:30,389 --> 00:21:33,792
I really appreciate when the psalmist

580
00:21:33,792 --> 00:21:34,426
says,

581
00:21:34,593 --> 00:21:37,329
all nations whom you have made.

582
00:21:38,597 --> 00:21:41,533
So national sovereignty is something that

583
00:21:41,533 --> 00:21:43,068
men cannot destroy.

584
00:21:43,769 --> 00:21:45,804
It is something that God creates.

585
00:21:47,172 --> 00:21:48,273
You're not going to say any more.

586
00:21:50,175 --> 00:21:51,443
You know what I'm talking about.

587
00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:54,112
So this formula though, it's not the last

588
00:21:54,112 --> 00:21:56,548
time we're going to see it in the Psalms.

589
00:21:56,548 --> 00:21:58,483
This is the first time we find it in full

590
00:21:58,483 --> 00:21:59,051
like this.

591
00:21:59,051 --> 00:22:00,919
It's going to... well first of all think

592
00:22:00,919 --> 00:22:02,287
about what's going on here.

593
00:22:02,587 --> 00:22:04,256
Who says it to whom in Exodus?

594
00:22:06,124 --> 00:22:10,162
Who says this to whom in Exodus 34:6?

595
00:22:11,129 --> 00:22:12,597
God says it to Moses.

596
00:22:13,732 --> 00:22:15,767
We have a Moses psalm in the Psalter.

597
00:22:16,568 --> 00:22:18,737
You would think that if anybody's going

598
00:22:18,737 --> 00:22:20,906
to say it in the Psalms, maybe it would

599
00:22:20,906 --> 00:22:21,573
be Moses.

600
00:22:21,707 --> 00:22:24,176
Moses will use this formula again in

601
00:22:24,176 --> 00:22:26,678
Numbers 14 when he intercedes for the

602
00:22:26,678 --> 00:22:28,046
people of Israel.

603
00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:30,248
He'll say, you've got to spare them.

604
00:22:30,349 --> 00:22:31,883
Much like the intercession that follows

605
00:22:31,883 --> 00:22:32,584
the golden calf.

606
00:22:33,051 --> 00:22:35,253
He says, what will the Egyptians think if

607
00:22:35,253 --> 00:22:36,755
you wipe these people out?

608
00:22:36,988 --> 00:22:38,323
You've not been able to keep them alive?

609
00:22:38,690 --> 00:22:40,292
He says the same sort of thing in Numbers

610
00:22:40,292 --> 00:22:40,492
14.

611
00:22:40,625 --> 00:22:42,594
But then he says, instead of appealing to

612
00:22:42,594 --> 00:22:44,329
God's promises to Abraham, Isaac and

613
00:22:44,329 --> 00:22:44,763
Jacob,

614
00:22:44,863 --> 00:22:46,531
he appeals to this, because hey, I've got

615
00:22:46,531 --> 00:22:47,232
a real gem here.

616
00:22:47,532 --> 00:22:49,167
God can't refuse this. He's told me

617
00:22:49,167 --> 00:22:49,634
himself.

618
00:22:50,202 --> 00:22:54,740
So he says in his intercession in Numbers

619
00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:56,308
14, forgive.

620
00:22:56,308 --> 00:22:58,243
Why? Because you are a God merciful and

621
00:22:58,243 --> 00:23:00,212
gracious, slow to anger and abounding in

622
00:23:00,212 --> 00:23:01,113
steadfast love.

623
00:23:01,146 --> 00:23:02,447
And right away, God forgives.

624
00:23:03,515 --> 00:23:05,417
So he uses it in intercession in that

625
00:23:05,417 --> 00:23:05,751
way.

626
00:23:06,118 --> 00:23:08,487
But now we have David using it in this

627
00:23:08,487 --> 00:23:09,654
same sort of way.

628
00:23:09,821 --> 00:23:11,123
That's the word hesed, isn't it?

629
00:23:11,189 --> 00:23:12,090
It is hesed, yep.

630
00:23:12,624 --> 00:23:15,060
Now, as we look beyond this point in the

631
00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:17,396
Psalter, this occurs two more times in

632
00:23:17,396 --> 00:23:17,896
full.

633
00:23:20,699 --> 00:23:23,468
And guess in what attributed Psalms it

634
00:23:23,468 --> 00:23:24,136
occurs.

635
00:23:26,037 --> 00:23:27,072
David, again.

636
00:23:27,639 --> 00:23:30,008
So it will occur again in Psalm 103.

637
00:23:30,776 --> 00:23:31,510
That's Davidic.

638
00:23:32,110 --> 00:23:35,013
One of two Davidic Psalms technically

639
00:23:35,013 --> 00:23:37,349
ascribed to David in Book 4.

640
00:23:37,816 --> 00:23:40,018
This Psalm 86 is, as we've said before,

641
00:23:40,018 --> 00:23:42,053
the only Davidic Psalm in Book 3.

642
00:23:42,521 --> 00:23:45,123
So in all the 34 Psalms, there are three

643
00:23:45,123 --> 00:23:46,191
Davidic Psalms

644
00:23:46,191 --> 00:23:47,726
and two of the three have this formula in

645
00:23:47,726 --> 00:23:48,794
it and none of the others.

646
00:23:50,195 --> 00:23:51,096
It's on David's lips.

647
00:23:51,096 --> 00:23:53,398
And then you get it in the very last

648
00:23:53,398 --> 00:23:55,534
attributed Psalm, in Psalm 145,

649
00:23:56,435 --> 00:23:58,370
which is also Davidic.

650
00:23:58,670 --> 00:24:00,305
It's part of the last group of David

651
00:24:00,305 --> 00:24:01,473
Psalms right at the end

652
00:24:01,473 --> 00:24:04,009
before that Hallelujah group of Psalms

653
00:24:04,009 --> 00:24:06,912
that we saw before on that big bar graph.

654
00:24:07,546 --> 00:24:10,348
You also find it in truncated view.

655
00:24:11,149 --> 00:24:13,351
Well, you see it's really reversed there.

656
00:24:13,452 --> 00:24:16,221
It's like faithfulness, sorry, it's

657
00:24:16,221 --> 00:24:18,123
gracious and merciful,

658
00:24:18,123 --> 00:24:21,693
gracious and compassionate in Psalms 111,

659
00:24:21,693 --> 00:24:22,227
112,

660
00:24:22,327 --> 00:24:24,029
which are a pair of Psalms.

661
00:24:24,296 --> 00:24:26,364
They are acrostic.

662
00:24:26,932 --> 00:24:28,266
We'll get to that if we have time.

663
00:24:28,900 --> 00:24:31,903
But there's reasons on the heels of Psalm

664
00:24:31,903 --> 00:24:32,337
110,

665
00:24:33,004 --> 00:24:34,806
from what we know about Psalm 110,

666
00:24:35,140 --> 00:24:37,409
to connect the concerns of this Psalm

667
00:24:37,409 --> 00:24:39,444
also with the great priest king

668
00:24:39,444 --> 00:24:41,613
who's celebrated in that Psalm.

669
00:24:42,113 --> 00:24:44,416
But this is just a picture of how, when

670
00:24:44,416 --> 00:24:45,183
God speaks,

671
00:24:45,183 --> 00:24:48,086
His own character and His own name,

672
00:24:48,186 --> 00:24:50,288
and reveals His character through His

673
00:24:50,288 --> 00:24:51,256
name like that,

674
00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:53,892
He's revealing Himself, He's manifesting

675
00:24:53,892 --> 00:24:54,526
His presence.

676
00:24:54,693 --> 00:24:55,827
And that's what happened for Moses.

677
00:24:57,162 --> 00:24:59,531
We find this same thing going on on the

678
00:24:59,531 --> 00:25:01,366
lips of David in the Psalms.

679
00:25:01,867 --> 00:25:03,768
He's going to manifest the presence of

680
00:25:03,768 --> 00:25:04,669
God in some way,

681
00:25:04,703 --> 00:25:06,204
and that's going to come through

682
00:25:06,204 --> 00:25:08,206
especially in the quotation in Psalm 103

683
00:25:08,807 --> 00:25:10,876
that we'll get to soon enough.

684
00:25:11,643 --> 00:25:13,078
Which brings us there pretty much.

685
00:25:13,078 --> 00:25:13,745
So Book 4.

686
00:25:15,180 --> 00:25:18,550
Of the attributed Psalms, you see...

687
00:25:20,418 --> 00:25:21,553
Mosaic Psalm 90.

688
00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:24,823
And you could understand the following

689
00:25:24,823 --> 00:25:25,323
Psalms,

690
00:25:25,423 --> 00:25:27,292
at least the next two probably, as on the

691
00:25:27,292 --> 00:25:27,993
lips of Moses,

692
00:25:28,126 --> 00:25:28,894
that would be OK.

693
00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:31,596
The reason why we might think that way is

694
00:25:31,596 --> 00:25:32,264
93 to 100

695
00:25:32,264 --> 00:25:34,833
are quite clearly a group of Psalms.

696
00:25:35,467 --> 00:25:37,335
We don't have time to unpack that,

697
00:25:37,569 --> 00:25:40,972
but we can take a quick look and see why,

698
00:25:40,972 --> 00:25:42,207
just briefly.

699
00:25:42,207 --> 00:25:46,444
If you look at Psalm 93, 97 and 99,

700
00:25:46,678 --> 00:25:48,346
look at what they all have in common in

701
00:25:48,346 --> 00:25:49,614
terms of the way they start.

702
00:25:51,416 --> 00:25:51,850
93...

703
00:25:51,850 --> 00:25:54,653
Yeah, 93, 97 and 99.

704
00:25:56,855 --> 00:25:58,156
The Lord reigns.

705
00:25:58,590 --> 00:25:59,691
The Lord reigns.

706
00:26:00,892 --> 00:26:02,093
The Lord reigns.

707
00:26:03,428 --> 00:26:05,897
Meanwhile, look at Psalms 96 and 98.

708
00:26:07,165 --> 00:26:08,867
O sing to the Lord a new song.

709
00:26:10,101 --> 00:26:12,537
98, O sing to the Lord a new song.

710
00:26:13,171 --> 00:26:19,945
So you've got new songs in 96, 98 and 93,

711
00:26:19,945 --> 00:26:21,947
97 and 99.

712
00:26:22,881 --> 00:26:25,050
Kingship of the Lord songs.

713
00:26:25,550 --> 00:26:27,185
You want to sing to the one who reigns,

714
00:26:27,185 --> 00:26:27,686
don't you?

715
00:26:27,886 --> 00:26:31,089
Yeah, so if we had time, I'd take you

716
00:26:31,089 --> 00:26:32,824
back to Exodus 15,

717
00:26:33,258 --> 00:26:34,192
the song of the sea.

718
00:26:34,726 --> 00:26:37,329
The song that Moses sang with the

719
00:26:37,329 --> 00:26:38,263
Israelites

720
00:26:38,263 --> 00:26:39,664
after the sea crossing.

721
00:26:40,732 --> 00:26:41,733
It ends...

722
00:26:41,733 --> 00:26:42,434
It's a song.

723
00:26:42,767 --> 00:26:44,135
It starts out, I will sing,

724
00:26:44,536 --> 00:26:46,905
and then it goes on about what God has

725
00:26:46,905 --> 00:26:48,573
done to overthrow Pharaoh

726
00:26:48,573 --> 00:26:50,842
and drown them, triumph gloriously, all

727
00:26:50,842 --> 00:26:51,443
of that.

728
00:26:51,810 --> 00:26:54,713
But it ends with Yahweh will reign

729
00:26:54,713 --> 00:26:57,248
forever, like Yahweh reigns.

730
00:26:58,249 --> 00:26:59,250
So this is...

731
00:27:00,485 --> 00:27:02,187
These are interlocking Psalms.

732
00:27:02,354 --> 00:27:05,123
They're the most obvious features of what

733
00:27:05,123 --> 00:27:06,558
I would think is...

734
00:27:06,558 --> 00:27:07,926
All these Psalms together kind of

735
00:27:07,926 --> 00:27:09,361
recapitulate the song of the sea.

736
00:27:09,894 --> 00:27:11,529
They do what the song of the sea does.

737
00:27:11,596 --> 00:27:12,931
They celebrate God's kingship.

738
00:27:13,064 --> 00:27:14,933
They celebrate God leading his people

739
00:27:14,933 --> 00:27:16,001
into his sanctuary,

740
00:27:16,134 --> 00:27:18,069
into his presence in the same way that

741
00:27:18,069 --> 00:27:19,070
Moses' song does.

742
00:27:19,804 --> 00:27:23,208
They celebrate God's greatness over all

743
00:27:23,208 --> 00:27:24,509
foreign gods.

744
00:27:24,909 --> 00:27:27,045
Like there's anti-idolatry stuff going

745
00:27:27,045 --> 00:27:27,312
on,

746
00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,414
both in the song of the sea in Exodus 15

747
00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:30,015
and here.

748
00:27:30,248 --> 00:27:31,816
You just need to read through this group.

749
00:27:31,883 --> 00:27:33,184
And this is another group that's worth

750
00:27:33,184 --> 00:27:34,085
reading through together.

751
00:27:34,085 --> 00:27:35,954
93 to 100, just like that.

752
00:27:36,955 --> 00:27:40,058
So that when we think about what this is

753
00:27:40,058 --> 00:27:40,659
doing,

754
00:27:40,792 --> 00:27:42,727
it's celebrating the reign of God,

755
00:27:43,595 --> 00:27:46,665
his triumph over all other so-called gods

756
00:27:46,665 --> 00:27:48,166
and what have you,

757
00:27:49,768 --> 00:27:51,770
such as he performed at the Exodus,

758
00:27:51,970 --> 00:27:54,472
where we saw God overthrowing Pharaoh,

759
00:27:54,606 --> 00:27:55,774
who thought he was a god.

760
00:27:56,007 --> 00:27:57,776
Egypt thought he was a god.

761
00:27:57,909 --> 00:27:59,511
That's just the way they rolled.

762
00:27:59,944 --> 00:28:02,514
They weren't a secular nation in any

763
00:28:02,514 --> 00:28:03,081
sense.

764
00:28:03,081 --> 00:28:06,051
But God redeems his people.

765
00:28:06,251 --> 00:28:08,987
So the theme of an Exodus redemption

766
00:28:08,987 --> 00:28:09,954
that's now,

767
00:28:10,455 --> 00:28:11,856
we're awaiting something new, something

768
00:28:11,856 --> 00:28:12,190
better,

769
00:28:12,390 --> 00:28:14,192
something like it but better, a new

770
00:28:14,192 --> 00:28:14,893
redemption.

771
00:28:15,427 --> 00:28:17,095
And the Psalter is celebrating that.

772
00:28:17,996 --> 00:28:19,998
And here's where we see that pretty

773
00:28:19,998 --> 00:28:21,566
clearly, pretty strongly,

774
00:28:21,666 --> 00:28:23,601
especially once we get into the details,

775
00:28:23,601 --> 00:28:25,036
which we can't do right now.

776
00:28:25,336 --> 00:28:27,806
Well, if so, who sings this song?

777
00:28:28,673 --> 00:28:32,343
Look at 101 and how it begins.

778
00:28:34,713 --> 00:28:36,514
101, a psalm of David,

779
00:28:37,115 --> 00:28:39,250
I will sing of steadfast love and

780
00:28:39,250 --> 00:28:39,918
justice,

781
00:28:40,452 --> 00:28:42,954
chesed again, and to you, O Lord, I will

782
00:28:42,954 --> 00:28:43,755
make music.

783
00:28:43,822 --> 00:28:45,557
Well, that's probably better translated

784
00:28:45,557 --> 00:28:46,291
as sing praise.

785
00:28:47,092 --> 00:28:49,794
This pairing of words, I will sing and I

786
00:28:49,794 --> 00:28:51,096
will sing praise,

787
00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:56,668
occurs again in Psalm 104, near the end.

788
00:28:57,068 --> 00:28:59,571
It occurs again in 108, which is quite

789
00:28:59,571 --> 00:29:00,205
clearly,

790
00:29:00,205 --> 00:29:03,108
it's a Davidic psalm, and it occurs again

791
00:29:03,108 --> 00:29:05,110
at the end of the Psalter.

792
00:29:06,010 --> 00:29:07,746
It's always David who's leading this

793
00:29:07,746 --> 00:29:08,079
song.

794
00:29:09,447 --> 00:29:11,883
So we asked before, who's really our

795
00:29:11,883 --> 00:29:14,152
chief liturgist in our worship?

796
00:29:14,686 --> 00:29:16,755
It's Christ, who leads praise, who

797
00:29:16,755 --> 00:29:17,856
receives praise.

798
00:29:18,256 --> 00:29:20,258
He is God, we praise him with the Father.

799
00:29:20,925 --> 00:29:22,861
And in receiving praise, he leads us in

800
00:29:22,861 --> 00:29:24,596
our praise to the Father as well.

801
00:29:25,230 --> 00:29:27,165
So all of that is sort of brought, is

802
00:29:27,165 --> 00:29:28,833
there, I think, in the Psalms.

803
00:29:28,867 --> 00:29:29,801
And we could look at that.

804
00:29:29,801 --> 00:29:32,670
But let's look at the time we've got,

805
00:29:32,670 --> 00:29:35,573
particularly this 101 to 103 group,

806
00:29:35,673 --> 00:29:38,843
because there we get quite a wonderful

807
00:29:38,843 --> 00:29:40,879
picture of everything.

808
00:29:41,246 --> 00:29:43,748
I mean, we get the picture of a king

809
00:29:43,748 --> 00:29:45,784
who's setting things right,

810
00:29:46,084 --> 00:29:48,787
realising the reign of God, the vision

811
00:29:48,787 --> 00:29:50,655
that Psalm 72 was about.

812
00:29:50,688 --> 00:29:52,323
If you remember that, where David's

813
00:29:52,323 --> 00:29:53,391
praying for Solomon,

814
00:29:54,559 --> 00:29:56,795
he's going to look on the poor and the

815
00:29:56,795 --> 00:29:57,128
meek

816
00:29:57,128 --> 00:29:59,664
and do away with the wicked and all of

817
00:29:59,664 --> 00:30:00,131
that.

818
00:30:00,932 --> 00:30:02,133
But he's going to set things right.

819
00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:04,536
So even with Psalm 101, beginning with I

820
00:30:04,536 --> 00:30:06,704
will sing of steadfast love and justice,

821
00:30:07,705 --> 00:30:09,207
we hear that word justice and we usually

822
00:30:09,207 --> 00:30:10,508
think all sorts of other things.

823
00:30:10,809 --> 00:30:12,610
But the basic idea is setting things

824
00:30:12,610 --> 00:30:13,011
right.

825
00:30:13,444 --> 00:30:16,581
Now, mis part is things are put back as

826
00:30:16,581 --> 00:30:17,949
they should be,

827
00:30:18,049 --> 00:30:20,151
or they're restored in a proper way.

828
00:30:20,418 --> 00:30:21,986
And that can mean retributive justice,

829
00:30:21,986 --> 00:30:23,621
but it can also mean just to restore and

830
00:30:23,621 --> 00:30:24,389
put things right.

831
00:30:24,389 --> 00:30:28,593
So it goes on, though, I will ponder the

832
00:30:28,593 --> 00:30:31,129
way that is blameless.

833
00:30:32,363 --> 00:30:35,533
So you can see a king who is dedicated to

834
00:30:35,533 --> 00:30:36,768
blamelessness,

835
00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:40,271
to righteousness and the way of that.

836
00:30:40,705 --> 00:30:42,006
Think back to Psalm 1.

837
00:30:43,341 --> 00:30:44,676
Think to all the Torah psalms and

838
00:30:44,676 --> 00:30:46,311
everything that they're concerned with.

839
00:30:46,811 --> 00:30:48,313
Oh, when will you come to me?

840
00:30:48,613 --> 00:30:50,815
I will walk with integrity of heart

841
00:30:50,815 --> 00:30:51,950
within my house.

842
00:30:53,017 --> 00:30:55,386
I will not set before my eyes anything

843
00:30:55,386 --> 00:30:56,621
that is worthless.

844
00:30:57,422 --> 00:30:59,324
I hate the work of those who fall away.

845
00:30:59,791 --> 00:31:00,925
It shall not cling to me.

846
00:31:01,726 --> 00:31:03,528
A perverse heart shall be far from me.

847
00:31:03,561 --> 00:31:04,696
I will know nothing of evil.

848
00:31:05,763 --> 00:31:07,732
So you can see there's a dogged

849
00:31:07,732 --> 00:31:09,434
commitment to Torah here.

850
00:31:09,601 --> 00:31:11,569
He's a king who's going to actually rule

851
00:31:11,569 --> 00:31:13,471
like the kings were supposed to rule.

852
00:31:14,572 --> 00:31:16,441
Whoever slanders his neighbour secretly I

853
00:31:16,441 --> 00:31:17,108
will destroy.

854
00:31:17,876 --> 00:31:19,477
Whoever has a haughty look and an

855
00:31:19,477 --> 00:31:21,145
arrogant heart I will not endure.

856
00:31:22,113 --> 00:31:22,947
Interesting, isn't it?

857
00:31:23,281 --> 00:31:24,883
How does a king convict someone who

858
00:31:24,883 --> 00:31:26,317
slanders a neighbour secretly?

859
00:31:26,885 --> 00:31:28,152
He must know something.

860
00:31:28,753 --> 00:31:30,355
He must be able to read the heart.

861
00:31:31,856 --> 00:31:34,058
I will look with favour on the faithful

862
00:31:34,058 --> 00:31:36,494
in the land that they may dwell with me.

863
00:31:36,661 --> 00:31:38,763
He who walks in the way that is blameless

864
00:31:38,763 --> 00:31:40,064
he shall minister to me.

865
00:31:40,465 --> 00:31:42,400
No one who practices deceit shall dwell

866
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:43,134
in my house.

867
00:31:43,301 --> 00:31:45,003
No one who utters lies shall continue

868
00:31:45,003 --> 00:31:45,803
before my eyes.

869
00:31:45,803 --> 00:31:48,539
Morning by morning I will destroy all the

870
00:31:48,539 --> 00:31:49,974
wicked in the land,

871
00:31:50,008 --> 00:31:51,843
cutting off all the evildoers from the

872
00:31:51,843 --> 00:31:52,543
city of God.

873
00:31:52,610 --> 00:31:53,478
He's got a clean house.

874
00:31:55,179 --> 00:31:57,248
So there you've got a certain profile

875
00:31:57,248 --> 00:31:58,449
picture of kingship.

876
00:31:58,883 --> 00:32:01,853
The king doing what kings were meant to

877
00:32:01,853 --> 00:32:04,489
do where justice, where mishpat was

878
00:32:04,489 --> 00:32:05,490
concerned.

879
00:32:05,857 --> 00:32:08,426
They were ministers of God's judgements.

880
00:32:09,160 --> 00:32:10,595
That's what David prayed for Solomon.

881
00:32:10,595 --> 00:32:12,964
First up, give the king your justice, O

882
00:32:12,964 --> 00:32:15,566
God, your righteousness to the royal son.

883
00:32:16,267 --> 00:32:18,403
It's not his justice and righteousness,

884
00:32:18,403 --> 00:32:20,672
it's God's righteousness and justice that

885
00:32:20,672 --> 00:32:21,673
he administers.

886
00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:24,275
So that's kind of the picture of what

887
00:32:24,275 --> 00:32:25,510
kingship should be.

888
00:32:27,245 --> 00:32:28,446
Of course by the time we're applying it

889
00:32:28,446 --> 00:32:29,514
to Christ it's one and the same.

890
00:32:31,349 --> 00:32:32,150
It's wonderful.

891
00:32:32,951 --> 00:32:37,021
Now, the other Davidic psalm, 103, let me

892
00:32:37,021 --> 00:32:40,758
just make sure I know where I'm headed

893
00:32:40,758 --> 00:32:41,559
here.

894
00:32:41,726 --> 00:32:44,862
Yeah, let's look at Psalm 103 a little

895
00:32:44,862 --> 00:32:47,065
bit before we get to 102.

896
00:32:47,265 --> 00:32:49,434
102 will I think be a bit clearer and

897
00:32:49,434 --> 00:32:51,769
brighter for us if once we've seen these

898
00:32:51,769 --> 00:32:52,971
two Davidic psalms

899
00:32:52,971 --> 00:32:55,940
either side of it in larger context.

900
00:32:58,309 --> 00:33:02,013
We noted before that this is the second

901
00:33:02,013 --> 00:33:05,917
time that we've hear David or anybody say

902
00:33:05,917 --> 00:33:07,986
the words of grace.

903
00:33:08,152 --> 00:33:09,520
The grace formula, gracious and

904
00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:10,922
compassionate, slow to anger and

905
00:33:10,922 --> 00:33:12,323
abounding and steadfast love.

906
00:33:12,623 --> 00:33:15,226
That's there in verse 8 and you can see

907
00:33:15,226 --> 00:33:17,662
there that he's already referring to

908
00:33:17,662 --> 00:33:20,531
Moses and the time of Moses in the past.

909
00:33:21,132 --> 00:33:23,901
He made known His ways to Moses, His acts

910
00:33:23,901 --> 00:33:26,270
to the people of Israel, verse 7.

911
00:33:26,904 --> 00:33:28,639
The Lord is merciful and gracious, slow

912
00:33:28,639 --> 00:33:30,208
to anger and abounding and steadfast

913
00:33:30,208 --> 00:33:30,575
love.

914
00:33:31,509 --> 00:33:33,845
And then he will not always chide, nor

915
00:33:33,845 --> 00:33:35,913
will he keep his anger forever.

916
00:33:36,547 --> 00:33:38,316
He does not deal with us according to our

917
00:33:38,316 --> 00:33:39,817
sins, nor repay us according to our

918
00:33:39,817 --> 00:33:40,418
iniquities.

919
00:33:40,818 --> 00:33:43,454
For as high as the heavens are above the

920
00:33:43,454 --> 00:33:45,857
earth, so great is his steadfast love

921
00:33:45,857 --> 00:33:47,825
towards those who fear him.

922
00:33:47,825 --> 00:33:50,061
As far as the east is from the west, so

923
00:33:50,061 --> 00:33:52,196
far does he remove our transgressions

924
00:33:52,196 --> 00:33:52,830
from us.

925
00:33:52,897 --> 00:33:54,932
As a father shows compassion to his

926
00:33:54,932 --> 00:33:57,301
children, so the Lord shows compassion to

927
00:33:57,301 --> 00:33:58,569
those who fear Him.

928
00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:01,072
For He knows our frame, He remembers that

929
00:34:01,072 --> 00:34:01,806
we are dust.

930
00:34:02,073 --> 00:34:04,042
As for man, his days are like grass, he

931
00:34:04,042 --> 00:34:06,010
flourishes like a flower of the field,

932
00:34:06,010 --> 00:34:06,344
etc.

933
00:34:06,911 --> 00:34:08,880
Now let's just see how, or remind

934
00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:11,115
ourselves of Psalm 90 because a lot of

935
00:34:11,115 --> 00:34:13,184
what we just read then will sound a

936
00:34:13,184 --> 00:34:15,753
little familiar if you recall Psalm 90.

937
00:34:15,753 --> 00:34:18,523
But said for different purposes and to

938
00:34:18,523 --> 00:34:19,757
different ends.

939
00:34:20,625 --> 00:34:24,395
So, remember Moses was lamenting just the

940
00:34:24,395 --> 00:34:27,532
brevity of life and why is that?

941
00:34:27,665 --> 00:34:30,468
Because of God's anger and because of our

942
00:34:30,468 --> 00:34:33,237
sins, his anger on account of our sins.

943
00:34:34,572 --> 00:34:37,408
You return man to dust and say, return, O

944
00:34:37,408 --> 00:34:38,743
children of Adam.

945
00:34:39,577 --> 00:34:41,345
It's really Adam there, but man

946
00:34:41,345 --> 00:34:42,146
generically.

947
00:34:42,146 --> 00:34:44,248
But I like Adam because it helps us to

948
00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:46,150
think not in terms of just biblical

949
00:34:46,150 --> 00:34:47,952
figures in the time of Israel.

950
00:34:48,252 --> 00:34:50,054
It takes us right back to the beginning.

951
00:34:50,054 --> 00:34:51,856
Adam is the head of a fallen humanity.

952
00:34:52,056 --> 00:34:53,958
That's what's in view here.

953
00:34:54,992 --> 00:34:57,395
You sweep them away as with a flood they

954
00:34:57,395 --> 00:34:59,564
are like a dream, like grass that is

955
00:34:59,564 --> 00:35:01,132
renewed in the morning.

956
00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:03,701
In the morning it flourishes and is

957
00:35:03,701 --> 00:35:05,770
renewed, in the evening it fades and

958
00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:08,072
withers, for we are brought to an end by

959
00:35:08,072 --> 00:35:08,906
your anger.

960
00:35:09,707 --> 00:35:12,410
By your wrath we are dismayed.

961
00:35:12,710 --> 00:35:14,612
You have set our iniquities before you,

962
00:35:14,612 --> 00:35:16,414
our secret sins in the light of your

963
00:35:16,414 --> 00:35:17,014
presence.

964
00:35:17,882 --> 00:35:22,587
So in short, Moses diagnoses the problem.

965
00:35:23,521 --> 00:35:25,123
He can't really do anything more than

966
00:35:25,123 --> 00:35:26,924
that. He doesn't do any more than that.

967
00:35:27,892 --> 00:35:30,128
But by the time you get to Psalm 103

968
00:35:30,128 --> 00:35:32,430
you're going to hear much of the same

969
00:35:32,430 --> 00:35:34,899
vocabulary but to a completely different

970
00:35:34,899 --> 00:35:35,633
purpose.

971
00:35:39,270 --> 00:35:41,439
David announces a solution, or as I like

972
00:35:41,439 --> 00:35:43,407
to say the absolution because of the

973
00:35:43,407 --> 00:35:44,775
content of this psalm.

974
00:35:45,176 --> 00:35:47,078
He will not always chide, nor will He

975
00:35:47,078 --> 00:35:48,379
keep His anger forever.

976
00:35:48,646 --> 00:35:50,948
So first of all he addresses the problem

977
00:35:50,948 --> 00:35:52,783
is divine wrath, divine anger.

978
00:35:53,851 --> 00:35:55,386
And he says he's not going to keep that

979
00:35:55,386 --> 00:35:56,821
forever, but he's the one to announce

980
00:35:56,821 --> 00:35:57,155
this.

981
00:35:57,788 --> 00:35:59,590
And this is coming on the heels of the

982
00:35:59,590 --> 00:36:01,225
grace formula, of the gracious and

983
00:36:01,225 --> 00:36:02,026
compassionate.

984
00:36:02,126 --> 00:36:03,761
That was verse 8, just before this.

985
00:36:03,761 --> 00:36:05,630
He does not always deal with us, or he

986
00:36:05,630 --> 00:36:07,532
does not deal with us according to our

987
00:36:07,532 --> 00:36:09,267
sins, nor repay us according to our

988
00:36:09,267 --> 00:36:10,001
iniquities.

989
00:36:10,768 --> 00:36:13,971
Now what a change from this over here,

990
00:36:13,971 --> 00:36:14,872
you know?

991
00:36:17,041 --> 00:36:21,379
Sins in God's face, wrath, anger, dust

992
00:36:21,379 --> 00:36:23,915
and grass like ways.

993
00:36:24,949 --> 00:36:26,551
Is there a difference between law and

994
00:36:26,551 --> 00:36:26,918
gospel?

995
00:36:27,485 --> 00:36:29,153
Yes, this is law and gospel.

996
00:36:29,887 --> 00:36:31,889
Moses leads us with the law.

997
00:36:32,323 --> 00:36:34,425
That's it, that's what we're seeing.

998
00:36:35,693 --> 00:36:37,395
No, it's diagnostic isn't it? It does

999
00:36:37,395 --> 00:36:39,163
what the law does, it shows us our sin

1000
00:36:39,163 --> 00:36:40,998
and it shows us the problem, it shows us

1001
00:36:40,998 --> 00:36:41,966
our real problem.

1002
00:36:43,434 --> 00:36:45,269
Our problem is with God, but it's a

1003
00:36:45,269 --> 00:36:47,138
problem that somebody else has done

1004
00:36:47,138 --> 00:36:49,407
something about and announces that here.

1005
00:36:50,041 --> 00:36:52,176
As far as the east is from the west, so

1006
00:36:52,176 --> 00:36:54,245
far does He remove our transgressions

1007
00:36:54,245 --> 00:36:54,845
from us.

1008
00:36:55,613 --> 00:36:57,081
This is I think is very important.

1009
00:36:57,081 --> 00:36:59,750
I've read some modern takes on the Psalms

1010
00:36:59,750 --> 00:37:02,320
that think that this Psalm kind of makes

1011
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:04,989
atonement theories obsolete, like God can

1012
00:37:04,989 --> 00:37:07,692
just have mercy, so he just has mercy.

1013
00:37:08,526 --> 00:37:11,729
But no, the Psalm says God does not repay

1014
00:37:11,729 --> 00:37:14,565
us according to our sins because He's

1015
00:37:14,565 --> 00:37:17,602
removed them, He's done something about

1016
00:37:17,602 --> 00:37:20,004
them, He's taken them away.

1017
00:37:22,173 --> 00:37:23,774
That requires atonement.

1018
00:37:23,774 --> 00:37:26,244
Now we'll come to where that atonement is

1019
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:28,512
to be found when we turn back to Psalm

1020
00:37:28,512 --> 00:37:29,914
102, just before it.

1021
00:37:30,114 --> 00:37:32,149
I think that'll show us more clearly than

1022
00:37:32,149 --> 00:37:32,683
anything.

1023
00:37:33,217 --> 00:37:35,152
As a father shows compassion to his

1024
00:37:35,152 --> 00:37:37,388
children, so the Lord shows compassion to

1025
00:37:37,388 --> 00:37:39,357
those who fear Him, for he knows our

1026
00:37:39,357 --> 00:37:39,924
frame.

1027
00:37:40,625 --> 00:37:42,760
He remembers that we are dust and like

1028
00:37:42,760 --> 00:37:43,194
grass.

1029
00:37:43,361 --> 00:37:45,896
Now remember these are the same sort of

1030
00:37:45,896 --> 00:37:48,599
descriptors Moses used too, to lament the

1031
00:37:48,599 --> 00:37:50,034
brevity of mankind.

1032
00:37:50,034 --> 00:37:53,604
Then he explains why that is, but here

1033
00:37:53,604 --> 00:37:57,275
this is part of the kind of, what moves

1034
00:37:57,275 --> 00:37:59,443
God to mercy for us.

1035
00:37:59,777 --> 00:38:02,413
He has compassion, he knows we can't do

1036
00:38:02,413 --> 00:38:05,016
anything about our problems, so he does

1037
00:38:05,016 --> 00:38:07,585
something to remove our transgressions

1038
00:38:07,585 --> 00:38:10,187
and therefore do away with the cause of

1039
00:38:10,187 --> 00:38:11,188
his wrath.

1040
00:38:12,556 --> 00:38:14,191
These Psalms are beautifully paired.

1041
00:38:14,191 --> 00:38:16,527
When you think about the structure of the

1042
00:38:16,527 --> 00:38:18,829
book again, you can see the nice balance

1043
00:38:18,829 --> 00:38:20,765
between these two halves of it.

1044
00:38:21,432 --> 00:38:25,036
You've got Moses leading off, but then

1045
00:38:25,036 --> 00:38:27,772
David sort of finishes off.

1046
00:38:29,307 --> 00:38:31,509
Moses is diagnosing the problem.

1047
00:38:32,209 --> 00:38:34,612
By the way, before you get too far into

1048
00:38:34,612 --> 00:38:36,947
Psalm 91, it's pretty clear that Moses

1049
00:38:36,947 --> 00:38:39,250
starts talking about someone else.

1050
00:38:40,718 --> 00:38:43,954
He's saying things like, He will send His

1051
00:38:43,954 --> 00:38:47,124
angels concerning you, that you will not

1052
00:38:47,124 --> 00:38:49,727
dash your foot upon the stone.

1053
00:38:51,762 --> 00:38:53,564
Well this is what Satan picks up in the

1054
00:38:53,564 --> 00:38:55,132
temptation narratives, isn't it?

1055
00:38:55,299 --> 00:38:57,268
Just take a look at it, Psalm 91.

1056
00:39:05,576 --> 00:39:09,013
He says in verse 11, He will command His

1057
00:39:09,013 --> 00:39:12,316
angels concerning you to guard you and

1058
00:39:12,316 --> 00:39:15,086
all your ways on their hands.

1059
00:39:15,252 --> 00:39:16,420
They will bear you up lest you strike

1060
00:39:16,420 --> 00:39:17,355
your foot against the stone.

1061
00:39:18,055 --> 00:39:19,790
You will tread on the lion and the adder

1062
00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:21,459
and the young lion and the serpent you

1063
00:39:21,459 --> 00:39:22,593
will trample underfoot.

1064
00:39:22,660 --> 00:39:24,428
Now Satan didn't mention that bit.

1065
00:39:26,063 --> 00:39:28,032
Jesus could have said, read on, if you

1066
00:39:28,032 --> 00:39:30,101
want to quote scripture at me, just keep

1067
00:39:30,101 --> 00:39:32,203
reading that Psalm and we'll see how this

1068
00:39:32,203 --> 00:39:32,670
ends.

1069
00:39:33,104 --> 00:39:33,671
He doesn't.

1070
00:39:34,004 --> 00:39:36,006
Instead he says, no, just don't put the

1071
00:39:36,006 --> 00:39:37,708
Lord your God to the test, so stop

1072
00:39:37,708 --> 00:39:39,677
testing me, because you're getting that

1073
00:39:39,677 --> 00:39:40,211
wrong.

1074
00:39:42,847 --> 00:39:47,084
He doesn't try to get me to put God to

1075
00:39:47,084 --> 00:39:48,319
the test.

1076
00:39:49,987 --> 00:39:51,422
That's the short answer to that.

1077
00:39:51,455 --> 00:39:54,358
He's not going to engage in theologising

1078
00:39:54,358 --> 00:39:56,227
and argument with Satan.

1079
00:39:56,427 --> 00:39:58,362
But what he doesn't do is deny that this

1080
00:39:58,362 --> 00:39:59,063
is about him.

1081
00:40:00,431 --> 00:40:02,600
And if you go back to Psalm 91, at the

1082
00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:04,869
beginning there, it starts off, if we're

1083
00:40:04,869 --> 00:40:07,037
thinking of this as continuing in some

1084
00:40:07,037 --> 00:40:09,039
way what Moses has been saying,

1085
00:40:09,173 --> 00:40:11,575
because since Moses has been the previous

1086
00:40:11,575 --> 00:40:13,744
speaker, it's kind of natural to hear

1087
00:40:13,744 --> 00:40:15,713
what comes next as on Moses' lips

1088
00:40:15,713 --> 00:40:17,114
initially, at least,

1089
00:40:17,114 --> 00:40:19,850
He who dwells in the shelter of the Most

1090
00:40:19,850 --> 00:40:22,319
High will abide in the shadow of the

1091
00:40:22,319 --> 00:40:23,154
Almighty.

1092
00:40:23,387 --> 00:40:25,689
I will say to the Lord, my refuge and my

1093
00:40:25,689 --> 00:40:28,025
fortress in God whom I trust, for he will

1094
00:40:28,025 --> 00:40:30,361
deliver you from the snares of the fowler

1095
00:40:30,361 --> 00:40:32,329
and from the deadly pestilence.

1096
00:40:32,363 --> 00:40:34,298
And from there on, the speaker is turning

1097
00:40:34,298 --> 00:40:35,933
his attention to someone other than

1098
00:40:35,933 --> 00:40:36,467
himself.

1099
00:40:36,567 --> 00:40:38,302
He's not just reflecting first person all

1100
00:40:38,302 --> 00:40:38,769
the time.

1101
00:40:39,103 --> 00:40:40,805
He's turned aside to somebody else.

1102
00:40:40,805 --> 00:40:43,741
And that you, I would contend, is really

1103
00:40:43,741 --> 00:40:46,710
going to be clarified over here, but it's

1104
00:40:46,710 --> 00:40:49,447
already made apparent over here by one

1105
00:40:49,447 --> 00:40:52,283
whom God will protect and guard and all

1106
00:40:52,283 --> 00:40:53,250
of that.

1107
00:40:53,884 --> 00:40:56,020
Incidentally, do you know what the

1108
00:40:56,020 --> 00:40:58,489
Septuagint does with all these anonymous

1109
00:40:58,489 --> 00:40:59,123
psalms?

1110
00:40:59,657 --> 00:41:00,424
All but one of them.

1111
00:41:01,392 --> 00:41:03,494
It attributes them to David.

1112
00:41:04,328 --> 00:41:06,230
It sees them on the lips of David.

1113
00:41:07,731 --> 00:41:10,501
So the instinct, or if you want to call

1114
00:41:10,501 --> 00:41:13,437
it that, or just the understanding of the

1115
00:41:13,437 --> 00:41:16,006
Septuagint scribes was to understand

1116
00:41:16,006 --> 00:41:18,843
David as voicing this new song for a new

1117
00:41:18,843 --> 00:41:21,679
exodus, celebrating this in just the way

1118
00:41:21,679 --> 00:41:24,181
that Psalm 101 would suggest by its

1119
00:41:24,181 --> 00:41:26,750
opening, I will sing and I will sing

1120
00:41:26,750 --> 00:41:28,152
praise, etc.

1121
00:41:29,153 --> 00:41:32,323
Which suggests that the whole of Book 4

1122
00:41:32,323 --> 00:41:35,392
really is dominated by concerns around

1123
00:41:35,392 --> 00:41:38,629
the Messiah as at the centre of this new

1124
00:41:38,629 --> 00:41:41,031
redemption that the Psalter is

1125
00:41:41,031 --> 00:41:42,433
celebrating.

1126
00:41:47,171 --> 00:41:52,543
So we have looked at Psalm 103 and noted

1127
00:41:52,543 --> 00:41:56,547
its connections to Psalm 90.

1128
00:41:56,547 --> 00:41:58,916
Let's just look at Psalm 102 and just

1129
00:41:58,916 --> 00:42:01,185
make some observations about that.

1130
00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:04,355
It's actually one of the penitential

1131
00:42:04,355 --> 00:42:07,091
psalms, but nowhere does, I mean it's

1132
00:42:07,091 --> 00:42:10,094
fine, you can use it that way, but if you

1133
00:42:10,094 --> 00:42:12,963
look at it, you'll look in vain for any

1134
00:42:12,963 --> 00:42:15,900
kind of, I have sinned, forgive me.

1135
00:42:16,934 --> 00:42:18,869
It's not that kind of penitential psalm,

1136
00:42:18,869 --> 00:42:19,403
if it is.

1137
00:42:19,570 --> 00:42:21,872
If it's a penitential psalm, it's the

1138
00:42:21,872 --> 00:42:24,375
kind in which someone who has no sins of

1139
00:42:24,375 --> 00:42:26,677
his own is identifying with those who

1140
00:42:26,677 --> 00:42:28,345
suffer because they do.

1141
00:42:31,248 --> 00:42:33,484
He starts off, notice it's actually very

1142
00:42:33,484 --> 00:42:35,686
unique in the way it's described at the

1143
00:42:35,686 --> 00:42:36,387
beginning.

1144
00:42:36,520 --> 00:42:37,955
It's another prayer, it's one of the

1145
00:42:37,955 --> 00:42:38,989
Psalter's five prayers.

1146
00:42:39,557 --> 00:42:41,692
Interesting that it should be jammed

1147
00:42:41,692 --> 00:42:44,094
between two Davidic psalms, as a Davidic

1148
00:42:44,094 --> 00:42:45,596
prayer, like Psalm 86.

1149
00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:48,432
I didn't mention Psalm 17 and I didn't

1150
00:42:48,432 --> 00:42:50,501
mention Psalm 142, which of the other

1151
00:42:50,501 --> 00:42:52,002
prayers are all Davidic.

1152
00:42:52,469 --> 00:42:54,471
So they're either Davidic or they're

1153
00:42:54,471 --> 00:42:55,639
Mosaic in Psalm 90.

1154
00:42:56,140 --> 00:42:56,874
These prayers.

1155
00:42:56,874 --> 00:43:00,411
But it's the prayer of an afflicted one,

1156
00:43:00,411 --> 00:43:04,081
one who is oppressed, who's crushed, when

1157
00:43:04,081 --> 00:43:07,551
he is faint and pours out his complaint

1158
00:43:07,551 --> 00:43:09,353
before the Lord.

1159
00:43:09,553 --> 00:43:12,690
So that's the circumstance here.

1160
00:43:13,691 --> 00:43:16,627
And it goes on, hear my prayer O Lord,

1161
00:43:16,627 --> 00:43:18,963
let my cry come to you, etc.

1162
00:43:19,830 --> 00:43:22,066
Do not hide your face from me in the day

1163
00:43:22,066 --> 00:43:23,000
of my distress.

1164
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:25,603
That again, that Psalm 50 stuff.

1165
00:43:25,803 --> 00:43:28,839
Here is this Davidized psalm doing what

1166
00:43:28,839 --> 00:43:31,809
Psalm 50 charged God's people to do.

1167
00:43:31,875 --> 00:43:34,445
Again it comes back to one who represents

1168
00:43:34,445 --> 00:43:36,513
the nation, one who represents us

1169
00:43:36,513 --> 00:43:38,983
ultimately when we understand Christ as

1170
00:43:38,983 --> 00:43:41,185
the fulfilment of its speaking.

1171
00:43:42,953 --> 00:43:44,355
Incline your ear to me, etc.

1172
00:43:44,888 --> 00:43:47,257
Now we could look down and see a few more

1173
00:43:47,257 --> 00:43:47,758
things.

1174
00:43:48,125 --> 00:43:49,526
He's like grass, look at this.

1175
00:43:49,526 --> 00:43:52,363
My heart is struck down like grass in

1176
00:43:52,363 --> 00:43:54,999
verse 4 and has become withered.

1177
00:43:55,733 --> 00:43:58,569
So how is it that this Davidic speaker

1178
00:43:58,569 --> 00:44:01,639
can announce the mercy, the compassion of

1179
00:44:01,639 --> 00:44:04,541
God, the forgiveness of sins because he

1180
00:44:04,541 --> 00:44:07,611
remembers our frame, he remembers that we

1181
00:44:07,611 --> 00:44:10,014
are dust and is like grass.

1182
00:44:10,714 --> 00:44:12,916
And it's because he himself has become

1183
00:44:12,916 --> 00:44:14,985
like grass in this previous psalm.

1184
00:44:15,319 --> 00:44:18,088
He's like a lonely sparrow on a roof.

1185
00:44:18,889 --> 00:44:21,258
He's all alone, he's isolated, there are

1186
00:44:21,258 --> 00:44:23,594
none with him, people taunt him, all of

1187
00:44:23,594 --> 00:44:24,094
that.

1188
00:44:26,230 --> 00:44:28,766
But we see here someone who suffers and

1189
00:44:28,766 --> 00:44:31,135
it seems to me that within the whole

1190
00:44:31,135 --> 00:44:33,370
picture here we get that suffering

1191
00:44:33,370 --> 00:44:36,006
servant motif return again in the larger

1192
00:44:36,006 --> 00:44:37,508
picture of things.

1193
00:44:39,109 --> 00:44:41,512
But it goes on because he doesn't pray

1194
00:44:41,512 --> 00:44:42,413
for himself.

1195
00:44:44,214 --> 00:44:46,684
Interesting kind of individual lament,

1196
00:44:46,684 --> 00:44:49,353
you know, a lament of an individual you'd

1197
00:44:49,353 --> 00:44:51,889
think that he's going to say a lot more

1198
00:44:51,889 --> 00:44:54,558
kind of, well come on, come to my rescue,

1199
00:44:54,558 --> 00:44:56,293
deal with all of this.

1200
00:44:57,194 --> 00:44:58,862
But look what happens in verses 12

1201
00:44:58,862 --> 00:44:59,430
following.

1202
00:44:59,897 --> 00:45:01,732
But you, O Lord, are enthroned forever,

1203
00:45:01,732 --> 00:45:03,267
you are remembered throughout all

1204
00:45:03,267 --> 00:45:03,967
generations.

1205
00:45:05,703 --> 00:45:08,706
You will arise and have pity on Zion.

1206
00:45:09,239 --> 00:45:11,642
It is the time to favour her.

1207
00:45:11,975 --> 00:45:13,310
The appointed time has come.

1208
00:45:14,244 --> 00:45:15,846
So first of all, for whom is his concern

1209
00:45:15,846 --> 00:45:16,480
in the prayer?

1210
00:45:16,647 --> 00:45:18,148
Who is he referring to here?

1211
00:45:18,415 --> 00:45:20,150
Himself or Zion?

1212
00:45:21,118 --> 00:45:24,021
So his concern is Zion and he's not

1213
00:45:24,021 --> 00:45:26,990
asking for it, he's announcing it.

1214
00:45:27,658 --> 00:45:28,726
That's rather odd, isn't it?

1215
00:45:29,059 --> 00:45:30,594
Normally in a lament, if you have

1216
00:45:30,594 --> 00:45:32,329
lamented your circumstances, the next

1217
00:45:32,329 --> 00:45:33,997
thing to come out of your mouth is a

1218
00:45:33,997 --> 00:45:36,066
petition, it's a prayer, it's a request.

1219
00:45:36,767 --> 00:45:38,669
God, please do something about this.

1220
00:45:39,369 --> 00:45:41,905
Come to my rescue, save me or save them

1221
00:45:41,905 --> 00:45:42,906
if it's Zion.

1222
00:45:43,173 --> 00:45:43,907
Build up Zion.

1223
00:45:44,108 --> 00:45:44,174
No.

1224
00:45:44,475 --> 00:45:46,210
But he says, no, the time has come.

1225
00:45:46,944 --> 00:45:49,379
He's announcing the moment from the midst

1226
00:45:49,379 --> 00:45:50,514
of his suffering.

1227
00:45:50,948 --> 00:45:52,549
It's a fascinating picture we get.

1228
00:45:52,950 --> 00:45:55,519
What's more, you will arise and have pity

1229
00:45:55,519 --> 00:45:58,055
on Zion and it is time to favour her are

1230
00:45:58,055 --> 00:46:00,557
the same two words and not the same form

1231
00:46:00,557 --> 00:46:03,127
of the word but they're the related words

1232
00:46:03,127 --> 00:46:06,029
in that formula that we see in the Bible.

1233
00:46:06,029 --> 00:46:08,132
We see in, well it's not there, but in

1234
00:46:08,132 --> 00:46:10,501
verse 8 here, gracious and compassionate.

1235
00:46:10,868 --> 00:46:13,704
So we could translate that, you will

1236
00:46:13,704 --> 00:46:16,840
arise and have compassion on Zion, it is

1237
00:46:16,840 --> 00:46:19,209
time to be gracious to her.

1238
00:46:19,910 --> 00:46:21,178
That could be translated that way.

1239
00:46:21,345 --> 00:46:22,613
The same words there.

1240
00:46:23,046 --> 00:46:25,516
So this works in very closely with this

1241
00:46:25,516 --> 00:46:25,883
one.

1242
00:46:25,883 --> 00:46:28,685
Those who put it there were clearly aware

1243
00:46:28,685 --> 00:46:31,054
of these linguistic connections and

1244
00:46:31,054 --> 00:46:33,857
they've gone to the trouble of Davidising

1245
00:46:33,857 --> 00:46:36,527
Psalm 102 to fill out this picture that

1246
00:46:36,527 --> 00:46:39,129
we get between Psalm 101 and 103.

1247
00:46:40,297 --> 00:46:41,265
Well, of what?

1248
00:46:41,498 --> 00:46:43,700
We've got a conquering king, a king who's

1249
00:46:43,700 --> 00:46:45,803
going to set things right in Psalm 101,

1250
00:46:45,803 --> 00:46:47,905
who vows, it's a royal vow, that's what

1251
00:46:47,905 --> 00:46:49,039
he's going to do.

1252
00:46:49,106 --> 00:46:50,574
He's going to clean house, get things

1253
00:46:50,574 --> 00:46:52,109
right, look on the meek, deal with the

1254
00:46:52,109 --> 00:46:52,509
wicked.

1255
00:46:52,509 --> 00:46:55,746
Psalm 102, we have a suffering king, one

1256
00:46:55,746 --> 00:46:58,415
who is all alone but he stands in

1257
00:46:58,415 --> 00:47:01,585
solidarity with those who rightly would

1258
00:47:01,585 --> 00:47:04,087
suffer for their sins, etc.

1259
00:47:04,188 --> 00:47:05,989
but he himself, there's no sign of sin in

1260
00:47:05,989 --> 00:47:06,490
the Psalm.

1261
00:47:07,491 --> 00:47:10,460
As he announces the grace, the time of

1262
00:47:10,460 --> 00:47:13,430
God's grace and favour to come and the

1263
00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:16,633
time to build up Zion and all of that.

1264
00:47:17,968 --> 00:47:21,171
But then 103 comes and now he is the

1265
00:47:21,171 --> 00:47:24,808
mouthpiece of the very same grace formula

1266
00:47:24,808 --> 00:47:28,378
that Moses himself, that God himself had

1267
00:47:28,378 --> 00:47:31,582
announced to Moses in Exodus 34.

1268
00:47:32,349 --> 00:47:34,117
Remember, God was the speaker there,

1269
00:47:34,117 --> 00:47:35,152
Moses the audience.

1270
00:47:36,153 --> 00:47:39,056
Here, the speaker is, well, I'm not going

1271
00:47:39,056 --> 00:47:41,859
to say not God because ultimately that's

1272
00:47:41,859 --> 00:47:42,826
the answer.

1273
00:47:42,826 --> 00:47:47,130
But the speaker is David, as mouthpiece

1274
00:47:47,130 --> 00:47:50,634
of God, announcing the gracious,

1275
00:47:50,634 --> 00:47:55,105
compassionate presence of God to absolve,

1276
00:47:55,105 --> 00:47:59,176
to put away sin, to deal with it.

1277
00:47:59,643 --> 00:48:02,346
And because of his compassion on us, his

1278
00:48:02,346 --> 00:48:04,815
father-like compassion, knowing we're

1279
00:48:04,815 --> 00:48:06,550
like dust and so forth.

1280
00:48:06,550 --> 00:48:09,887
So we're getting a very full picture of

1281
00:48:09,887 --> 00:48:11,455
the Christ here.

1282
00:48:12,723 --> 00:48:16,393
And yeah, it's all a result of the way

1283
00:48:16,393 --> 00:48:20,330
these Psalms authored at various times by

1284
00:48:20,330 --> 00:48:24,268
various people unless they've all got the

1285
00:48:24,268 --> 00:48:26,303
same attribution.

1286
00:48:26,603 --> 00:48:28,839
And we can infer from that that they were

1287
00:48:28,839 --> 00:48:30,807
at least in the same lifetime of that

1288
00:48:30,807 --> 00:48:31,375
person.

1289
00:48:31,375 --> 00:48:33,677
But they've been put together in such a

1290
00:48:33,677 --> 00:48:36,146
way as to build this composite picture of

1291
00:48:36,146 --> 00:48:38,448
the Christ as we know the New Testament

1292
00:48:38,448 --> 00:48:39,549
to reveal Him.

1293
00:48:44,254 --> 00:48:48,625
Let's see. I think, yeah, let's take a

1294
00:48:48,625 --> 00:48:52,696
look now at how we lead into Book 5

1295
00:48:52,696 --> 00:48:56,166
because Book 5 itself is quite

1296
00:48:56,166 --> 00:48:59,303
interestingly designed.

1297
00:48:59,303 --> 00:49:02,039
And it's broadly speaking, it centres

1298
00:49:02,039 --> 00:49:03,473
around Psalm 119.

1299
00:49:03,840 --> 00:49:05,676
Now you can tell just in terms of the

1300
00:49:05,676 --> 00:49:07,611
sheer numbers of Psalms that it doesn't

1301
00:49:07,611 --> 00:49:08,445
look that way.

1302
00:49:08,679 --> 00:49:10,781
But when you look at the groups of Psalms

1303
00:49:10,781 --> 00:49:12,849
involved, we start off, apart from Psalm

1304
00:49:12,849 --> 00:49:14,451
107, which is strictly speaking

1305
00:49:14,451 --> 00:49:15,152
anonymous,

1306
00:49:16,353 --> 00:49:19,122
we start off with this group of Davidic

1307
00:49:19,122 --> 00:49:20,724
Psalms in 108 to 110.

1308
00:49:21,191 --> 00:49:23,327
That is, they're technically ascribed to

1309
00:49:23,327 --> 00:49:23,760
David.

1310
00:49:24,995 --> 00:49:27,631
Then come the two, they're the same

1311
00:49:27,631 --> 00:49:30,167
length you'll see, 111 and 112.

1312
00:49:31,001 --> 00:49:33,403
Those were those two other Psalms that

1313
00:49:33,403 --> 00:49:35,872
repeated the gracious and compassionate

1314
00:49:35,872 --> 00:49:37,774
part of that grace formula.

1315
00:49:38,909 --> 00:49:40,444
They're acrostic Psalms.

1316
00:49:40,510 --> 00:49:42,546
So an acrostic Psalm is one that follows

1317
00:49:42,546 --> 00:49:44,281
each letter of the Hebrew alphabet

1318
00:49:44,281 --> 00:49:45,115
successively.

1319
00:49:45,449 --> 00:49:47,250
In the case of these Psalms, they're

1320
00:49:47,250 --> 00:49:49,286
quite short, so it's like half lines for

1321
00:49:49,286 --> 00:49:51,254
a successive letter of the alphabet.

1322
00:49:51,254 --> 00:49:53,824
For 119, which is an acrostic, eight

1323
00:49:53,824 --> 00:49:55,192
verses at a time.

1324
00:49:55,225 --> 00:49:56,760
Every line starts with the same letter of

1325
00:49:56,760 --> 00:49:57,327
the alphabet.

1326
00:49:57,394 --> 00:49:58,528
Then we move on to the next one.

1327
00:49:58,729 --> 00:50:01,965
That's why you'll find al, b, gimel, dal,

1328
00:50:01,965 --> 00:50:05,168
etc. at the top of each stanza in 119 in

1329
00:50:05,168 --> 00:50:08,171
your English Bibles as it's often laid

1330
00:50:08,171 --> 00:50:08,805
out.

1331
00:50:10,540 --> 00:50:11,241
So we have some…

1332
00:50:12,075 --> 00:50:13,243
How we opened classes…

1333
00:50:14,044 --> 00:50:14,511
It was.

1334
00:50:14,611 --> 00:50:15,545
…you led us in…

1335
00:50:15,545 --> 00:50:15,912
With gimel.

1336
00:50:16,013 --> 00:50:16,413
…gimel.

1337
00:50:16,513 --> 00:50:17,014
That's right.

1338
00:50:17,014 --> 00:50:19,516
So we've got Davidic Psalms here ended

1339
00:50:19,516 --> 00:50:20,884
with two acrostics.

1340
00:50:21,952 --> 00:50:24,788
The Davidic group at the end here, guess

1341
00:50:24,788 --> 00:50:25,789
what 145 is?

1342
00:50:26,490 --> 00:50:27,591
It's an acrostic.

1343
00:50:28,592 --> 00:50:30,193
So there's a certain balance there in the

1344
00:50:30,193 --> 00:50:31,495
design there, even though they're

1345
00:50:31,495 --> 00:50:32,929
differing lengths and all of that.

1346
00:50:33,196 --> 00:50:35,665
When we look either side of Psalm 119,

1347
00:50:35,665 --> 00:50:37,934
this group of blue Psalms here is a

1348
00:50:37,934 --> 00:50:40,237
liturgical grouping often called the

1349
00:50:40,237 --> 00:50:41,538
Egyptian Hallel.

1350
00:50:41,905 --> 00:50:45,042
And if you read them through, 113 to 118,

1351
00:50:45,042 --> 00:50:46,376
you'll see why.

1352
00:50:46,376 --> 00:50:49,246
They reflect the Exodus, they celebrate

1353
00:50:49,246 --> 00:50:52,149
that and they're still used at Passover

1354
00:50:52,149 --> 00:50:54,818
and the association with Passover is

1355
00:50:54,818 --> 00:50:56,753
actually very ancient.

1356
00:50:57,354 --> 00:51:00,857
But that's their association.

1357
00:51:01,291 --> 00:51:03,026
But my point is that there are sort of a

1358
00:51:03,026 --> 00:51:04,861
known liturgical grouping that kind of go

1359
00:51:04,861 --> 00:51:05,395
together.

1360
00:51:05,729 --> 00:51:07,864
Likewise the Songs of Ascent, which I've

1361
00:51:07,864 --> 00:51:09,933
also put in blue here and I've tried to

1362
00:51:09,933 --> 00:51:12,135
still retain my colouring for the Davidic

1363
00:51:12,135 --> 00:51:14,104
Psalms and the Solomonic Psalm in the

1364
00:51:14,104 --> 00:51:15,072
middle there.

1365
00:51:15,072 --> 00:51:18,508
In the process, but you can see there's

1366
00:51:18,508 --> 00:51:21,144
another liturgical grouping.

1367
00:51:21,745 --> 00:51:24,147
There's a few Psalms in between that are

1368
00:51:24,147 --> 00:51:26,383
anonymous, including Psalm 136, Great

1369
00:51:26,383 --> 00:51:28,852
Hallel, which has all these for his mercy

1370
00:51:28,852 --> 00:51:31,088
and Jewish forever, or his chesed and

1371
00:51:31,088 --> 00:51:33,824
Jewish forever at the end of every line.

1372
00:51:34,124 --> 00:51:37,260
It celebrates the chesed of God in a

1373
00:51:37,260 --> 00:51:38,495
massive way.

1374
00:51:39,696 --> 00:51:41,465
But that's broadly speaking the pattern

1375
00:51:41,465 --> 00:51:42,165
of this book.

1376
00:51:42,165 --> 00:51:44,701
Like I said, I can't really explain

1377
00:51:44,701 --> 00:51:47,704
perhaps to everybody's satisfaction every

1378
00:51:47,704 --> 00:51:50,640
single sequential move from one Psalm to

1379
00:51:50,640 --> 00:51:51,575
the next.

1380
00:51:51,741 --> 00:51:54,578
But broadly speaking, you can see there's

1381
00:51:54,578 --> 00:51:57,147
at least a pattern and a design to it

1382
00:51:57,147 --> 00:51:59,983
that centres upon, no surprise there, the

1383
00:51:59,983 --> 00:52:02,619
love of Torah, surrounded by kingship,

1384
00:52:02,619 --> 00:52:05,522
beginning and ending with it in fact.

1385
00:52:06,790 --> 00:52:09,426
As we look at the end of Book 4, we have

1386
00:52:09,426 --> 00:52:11,061
these anonymous Psalms.

1387
00:52:11,061 --> 00:52:13,430
Now we don't have time to get into the

1388
00:52:13,430 --> 00:52:15,866
details and we've covered Psalm 105 and

1389
00:52:15,866 --> 00:52:18,101
106 pretty well in passing, I think,

1390
00:52:18,101 --> 00:52:18,768
enough.

1391
00:52:19,169 --> 00:52:21,071
So these are the two Psalms that walk

1392
00:52:21,071 --> 00:52:23,006
through the pre-monarchic history, one

1393
00:52:23,006 --> 00:52:24,608
from the point of view of God's

1394
00:52:24,608 --> 00:52:26,443
faithfulness to Israel and the other

1395
00:52:26,443 --> 00:52:28,478
confessing Israel's faithlessness toward

1396
00:52:28,478 --> 00:52:29,012
God.

1397
00:52:29,880 --> 00:52:33,283
Just let's recall what we read in Psalm

1398
00:52:33,283 --> 00:52:35,819
106 verse 47, the petition.

1399
00:52:36,753 --> 00:52:39,189
So verse 6 was the confession, but both

1400
00:52:39,189 --> 00:52:41,625
we and our fathers have sinned, we have

1401
00:52:41,625 --> 00:52:43,627
committed iniquity, we have done

1402
00:52:43,627 --> 00:52:44,561
wickedness.

1403
00:52:44,895 --> 00:52:47,797
And then we get the petition in verse 47,

1404
00:52:47,797 --> 00:52:50,500
save us, O Lord our God, and gather us

1405
00:52:50,500 --> 00:52:53,336
from among the nations, that we may give

1406
00:52:53,336 --> 00:52:55,939
thanks to your holy name and glory in

1407
00:52:55,939 --> 00:52:57,174
your praise.

1408
00:52:57,908 --> 00:53:01,611
There's the petition, save us, gather us.

1409
00:53:02,379 --> 00:53:04,581
Now look at the beginning of Psalm 107.

1410
00:53:06,983 --> 00:53:09,352
I give thanks to the Lord, for he is

1411
00:53:09,352 --> 00:53:11,755
good, for his steadfast love endures

1412
00:53:11,755 --> 00:53:12,489
forever.

1413
00:53:13,456 --> 00:53:15,492
Let the redeemed, remember we talked

1414
00:53:15,492 --> 00:53:17,694
about the Exodus and the song, new song

1415
00:53:17,694 --> 00:53:19,462
for a new Exodus before, that's

1416
00:53:19,462 --> 00:53:21,665
redemption is a key word there for when

1417
00:53:21,665 --> 00:53:23,733
we're thinking about the Exodus.

1418
00:53:23,733 --> 00:53:26,636
God is this redeemer of his people by

1419
00:53:26,636 --> 00:53:29,739
going to war against their enemy Pharaoh

1420
00:53:29,739 --> 00:53:32,809
and dealing with their army and drawing

1421
00:53:32,809 --> 00:53:35,045
them out and all of that.

1422
00:53:35,779 --> 00:53:37,113
He's a redeemer.

1423
00:53:37,847 --> 00:53:39,683
So the people he saves are the redeemed

1424
00:53:39,683 --> 00:53:40,350
of the Lord.

1425
00:53:40,483 --> 00:53:42,819
Let the redeemed of the Lord say so whom

1426
00:53:42,819 --> 00:53:44,654
he has redeemed from trouble.

1427
00:53:45,655 --> 00:53:48,258
And gathered in from the lands, from the

1428
00:53:48,258 --> 00:53:50,927
east and from the west and from the north

1429
00:53:50,927 --> 00:53:53,096
and from the sea, I would say.

1430
00:53:53,463 --> 00:53:55,265
From the sea is the word there.

1431
00:53:55,465 --> 00:53:57,334
There's a reason for that, it has to do

1432
00:53:57,334 --> 00:53:58,768
with the design of the poem.

1433
00:53:59,569 --> 00:54:02,239
Each of the four next stanzas correspond

1434
00:54:02,239 --> 00:54:04,174
to one of those four words.

1435
00:54:06,409 --> 00:54:08,778
East, west, north and the sea.

1436
00:54:08,778 --> 00:54:11,281
You'll see that with the last example at

1437
00:54:11,281 --> 00:54:11,781
least.

1438
00:54:13,550 --> 00:54:14,851
Where are we?

1439
00:54:16,253 --> 00:54:17,454
Yeah, verse 23 following.

1440
00:54:17,621 --> 00:54:19,356
Some went down to the sea in ships.

1441
00:54:19,756 --> 00:54:22,025
Anyway, others have to do with the

1442
00:54:22,025 --> 00:54:24,361
directions of the compass in Hebrew

1443
00:54:24,361 --> 00:54:26,830
usually relate to some feature of the

1444
00:54:26,830 --> 00:54:27,430
land.

1445
00:54:27,664 --> 00:54:30,066
So the west has to do with darkness and

1446
00:54:30,066 --> 00:54:32,569
you'll find that the stanza corresponding

1447
00:54:32,569 --> 00:54:34,604
to that is all about darkness.

1448
00:54:34,604 --> 00:54:36,806
And the north has to do with the

1449
00:54:36,806 --> 00:54:39,609
direction of invasion so you'll find that

1450
00:54:39,609 --> 00:54:42,379
that one has to do with that, with exile

1451
00:54:42,379 --> 00:54:43,546
and invasion.

1452
00:54:44,014 --> 00:54:45,882
So there's all of that going on.

1453
00:54:46,049 --> 00:54:49,152
However, the verb, that's the important

1454
00:54:49,152 --> 00:54:51,554
thing here for our purposes.

1455
00:54:51,688 --> 00:54:52,889
And gathered them from the lands.

1456
00:54:52,956 --> 00:54:55,892
Here is a direct thanksgiving or an

1457
00:54:55,892 --> 00:54:59,296
answer to the petition that we've seen in

1458
00:54:59,296 --> 00:55:00,897
verse 47 of 106.

1459
00:55:01,531 --> 00:55:02,766
Save us and gather us.

1460
00:55:02,766 --> 00:55:05,635
Well the redeemed are now saying, or

1461
00:55:05,635 --> 00:55:08,705
called upon to say, let the redeemed of

1462
00:55:08,705 --> 00:55:11,374
the Lord say, he's gathered us.

1463
00:55:12,175 --> 00:55:13,977
So he's actually responded to this.

1464
00:55:14,044 --> 00:55:16,179
This is thanksgiving for what was

1465
00:55:16,179 --> 00:55:18,415
petitioned in the previous psalm.

1466
00:55:21,251 --> 00:55:23,019
Now, who's speaking?

1467
00:55:23,386 --> 00:55:25,922
I mean, I contend that David hasn't

1468
00:55:25,922 --> 00:55:27,324
stopped speaking.

1469
00:55:27,324 --> 00:55:29,859
Because he's going to start speaking

1470
00:55:29,859 --> 00:55:32,128
again in 108 anyway. Why stop?

1471
00:55:32,829 --> 00:55:35,732
If you look at this book boundary, it's

1472
00:55:35,732 --> 00:55:38,668
actually the softest of all of the book

1473
00:55:38,668 --> 00:55:39,703
boundaries.

1474
00:55:39,969 --> 00:55:43,573
The others, we talked about this before,

1475
00:55:43,573 --> 00:55:46,910
how you don't have any sort of common

1476
00:55:46,910 --> 00:55:50,080
genre between the Psalms ending and

1477
00:55:50,080 --> 00:55:52,782
beginning books right on those

1478
00:55:52,782 --> 00:55:54,217
boundaries.

1479
00:55:55,251 --> 00:55:57,721
Well, we've got anonymous Psalms here, so

1480
00:55:57,721 --> 00:56:00,056
there's no way to distinguish the books

1481
00:56:00,056 --> 00:56:02,392
here on the basis of authorship because

1482
00:56:02,392 --> 00:56:04,494
they're anonymous, technically.

1483
00:56:05,595 --> 00:56:07,764
And also, if you look at the way 106

1484
00:56:07,764 --> 00:56:09,833
starts and the way 107 starts, give

1485
00:56:09,833 --> 00:56:12,102
thanks to the Lord for he is good, for

1486
00:56:12,102 --> 00:56:14,437
his steadfast love endures forever.

1487
00:56:15,171 --> 00:56:16,539
Give thanks to the Lord for he is good,

1488
00:56:16,539 --> 00:56:18,007
for his steadfast love endures forever.

1489
00:56:18,108 --> 00:56:18,875
This continuity.

1490
00:56:19,743 --> 00:56:21,044
Scholars have scratched their heads about

1491
00:56:21,044 --> 00:56:21,544
this for ages.

1492
00:56:21,644 --> 00:56:22,545
How do you explain this?

1493
00:56:22,612 --> 00:56:23,680
Is it a real book division?

1494
00:56:23,680 --> 00:56:24,547
Is it artificial?

1495
00:56:24,681 --> 00:56:25,715
Has it been put in later?

1496
00:56:27,250 --> 00:56:29,519
Well, and usually that means that they

1497
00:56:29,519 --> 00:56:31,287
downplay the eulogy, right?

1498
00:56:31,321 --> 00:56:33,256
They say this is just whacked in later to

1499
00:56:33,256 --> 00:56:34,924
kind of make a division where there

1500
00:56:34,924 --> 00:56:36,092
wasn't one originally.

1501
00:56:37,427 --> 00:56:39,896
I think the best explanation is there's a

1502
00:56:39,896 --> 00:56:42,232
continuity to these Psalms because the

1503
00:56:42,232 --> 00:56:43,867
same speaker is at work.

1504
00:56:44,033 --> 00:56:45,135
They need to talk to you.

1505
00:56:45,568 --> 00:56:46,102
I agree.

1506
00:56:46,336 --> 00:56:47,237
You have the answer.

1507
00:56:47,604 --> 00:56:48,438
Well, I have an answer.

1508
00:56:48,538 --> 00:56:51,241
I don't know if everyone would agree.

1509
00:56:51,241 --> 00:56:53,810
But I mean there's all sorts of

1510
00:56:53,810 --> 00:56:57,180
methodological things that sit behind the

1511
00:56:57,180 --> 00:57:00,383
views that scholars have and you've got

1512
00:57:00,383 --> 00:57:03,353
to engage with that, and I have.

1513
00:57:04,554 --> 00:57:07,090
But anyway, I think this best explains

1514
00:57:07,090 --> 00:57:08,091
what we have.

1515
00:57:09,159 --> 00:57:12,429
So you've got the speaker, remember, was

1516
00:57:12,429 --> 00:57:15,398
presumably an individual in 106 that

1517
00:57:15,398 --> 00:57:18,568
invited the people to add their Amen to

1518
00:57:18,568 --> 00:57:20,203
that confession.

1519
00:57:21,337 --> 00:57:23,473
Well, now what's he inviting them to do?

1520
00:57:24,073 --> 00:57:26,743
He's inviting the redeemed to say give

1521
00:57:26,743 --> 00:57:29,412
thanks to the Lord for he is good, for

1522
00:57:29,412 --> 00:57:32,115
his steadfast love endures forever.

1523
00:57:32,782 --> 00:57:34,851
And if you look at this Psalm, I told you

1524
00:57:34,851 --> 00:57:36,519
about some of the stanzas here.

1525
00:57:37,187 --> 00:57:39,122
There's a real beautiful design and

1526
00:57:39,122 --> 00:57:41,191
pattern to this, but it has to do with

1527
00:57:41,191 --> 00:57:43,293
not just the children of Israel but the

1528
00:57:43,293 --> 00:57:44,394
children of man.

1529
00:57:44,627 --> 00:57:47,197
This gets back to that cosmic kind of

1530
00:57:47,197 --> 00:57:50,033
universal concern that Moses had when he

1531
00:57:50,033 --> 00:57:52,268
lamented the brevity of life.

1532
00:57:52,368 --> 00:57:54,137
He wasn't concerned just about, oh, we

1533
00:57:54,137 --> 00:57:55,805
Israelites, we're not living as long

1534
00:57:55,805 --> 00:57:56,439
these days.

1535
00:57:56,573 --> 00:57:58,107
He was concerned about all the children

1536
00:57:58,107 --> 00:57:58,508
of Adam.

1537
00:57:58,508 --> 00:58:01,077
And so you have it here. Look at verse 8,

1538
00:58:01,077 --> 00:58:02,011
for instance.

1539
00:58:02,245 --> 00:58:04,247
Let them thank the Lord for his steadfast

1540
00:58:04,247 --> 00:58:05,882
love for his wondrous works to the

1541
00:58:05,882 --> 00:58:06,816
children of man.

1542
00:58:07,550 --> 00:58:10,286
So there the speaker is inviting and

1543
00:58:10,286 --> 00:58:13,223
drawing in the thanksgiving and praise

1544
00:58:13,223 --> 00:58:14,691
from all people,

1545
00:58:15,592 --> 00:58:17,827
all the children of man to the Lord for

1546
00:58:17,827 --> 00:58:19,062
his steadfast love.

1547
00:58:19,696 --> 00:58:21,097
You get this refrain turning up again in

1548
00:58:21,097 --> 00:58:21,498
verse 15.

1549
00:58:24,634 --> 00:58:29,639
Verse 21, 31.

1550
00:58:31,875 --> 00:58:33,610
And look, some of the verses that precede

1551
00:58:33,610 --> 00:58:35,178
that, there's patterning there too.

1552
00:58:35,278 --> 00:58:36,646
It's a very beautifully designed Psalm.

1553
00:58:37,647 --> 00:58:40,717
So basically, book 5 is going to begin on

1554
00:58:40,717 --> 00:58:42,151
a different note.

1555
00:58:43,119 --> 00:58:45,555
Book 4 had its, you can understand why it

1556
00:58:45,555 --> 00:58:47,023
had to be its own book.

1557
00:58:47,323 --> 00:58:48,892
It had to present the problem.

1558
00:58:48,892 --> 00:58:51,828
It had to initiate the song of, the new

1559
00:58:51,828 --> 00:58:53,930
song of not Moses anymore,

1560
00:58:54,063 --> 00:58:56,466
but of the Messiah for God's redemption

1561
00:58:56,466 --> 00:58:57,467
of his people.

1562
00:58:58,234 --> 00:59:01,771
It had to expound on why and the who more

1563
00:59:01,771 --> 00:59:03,907
with Psalms 101 to 103.

1564
00:59:04,741 --> 00:59:08,978
It had to end with the Messiah inviting

1565
00:59:08,978 --> 00:59:11,481
the people to confess

1566
00:59:11,481 --> 00:59:14,284
and receive the forgiveness that they so

1567
00:59:14,284 --> 00:59:15,285
dearly need.

1568
00:59:15,285 --> 00:59:18,021
But now we get into book 5 and we've got

1569
00:59:18,021 --> 00:59:20,189
a book really of thanksgiving.

1570
00:59:20,723 --> 00:59:22,358
And here's where the hallelujahs really

1571
00:59:22,358 --> 00:59:23,159
start taking off.

1572
00:59:23,326 --> 00:59:25,094
I mean you get lots of hallelujahs

1573
00:59:25,094 --> 00:59:26,329
throughout, of course,

1574
00:59:26,629 --> 00:59:29,732
landing over here finally with that great

1575
00:59:29,732 --> 00:59:32,335
climax of hallelujah at the end.

1576
00:59:34,904 --> 00:59:37,607
Let me just go to one more thing at the

1577
00:59:37,607 --> 00:59:38,374
end here.

1578
00:59:38,508 --> 00:59:40,777
I've been talking a little bit here and

1579
00:59:40,777 --> 00:59:42,779
there about David as the leader of

1580
00:59:42,779 --> 00:59:43,346
praise.

1581
00:59:44,747 --> 00:59:46,616
Let's look at the very end.

1582
00:59:47,951 --> 00:59:48,351
Oh, hang on.

1583
00:59:48,718 --> 00:59:49,419
Let's look at this.

1584
00:59:49,552 --> 00:59:50,153
What have I got there?

1585
00:59:50,987 --> 00:59:52,121
So I've talked about the continuity of

1586
00:59:52,121 --> 00:59:52,355
voice.

1587
00:59:52,555 --> 00:59:56,092
I've tried to encapsulate all the sort

1588
00:59:56,092 --> 00:59:58,795
of, the aspects of kingship

1589
00:59:58,795 --> 01:00:00,363
as it's presented to us in the Psalms.

1590
01:00:01,831 --> 01:00:03,132
Righteous judge, suffering servant,

1591
01:00:03,132 --> 01:00:04,434
intercessor, prophet, priest, king,

1592
01:00:04,434 --> 01:00:05,468
praise leader, conqueror.

1593
01:00:06,169 --> 01:00:07,437
That's fairly full I think.

1594
01:00:07,503 --> 01:00:09,238
I think we kind of can see who we're

1595
01:00:09,238 --> 01:00:10,607
really talking about there.

1596
01:00:10,607 --> 01:00:13,176
But let's look at the last five Psalms,

1597
01:00:13,176 --> 01:00:14,344
not all of them,

1598
01:00:14,344 --> 01:00:15,778
but just how they begin and end and

1599
01:00:15,778 --> 01:00:17,313
particularly how they're introduced.

1600
01:00:17,680 --> 01:00:22,018
So if you look at the very last verse of

1601
01:00:22,018 --> 01:00:22,685
145,

1602
01:00:23,620 --> 01:00:26,089
that acrostic poem, if you recall, it's

1603
01:00:26,089 --> 01:00:27,624
the last Davidic Psalm

1604
01:00:27,624 --> 01:00:30,493
and it follows the alphabet.

1605
01:00:32,428 --> 01:00:38,267
It's verse 8 is the grace formula again.

1606
01:00:38,267 --> 01:00:41,437
The Exodus 34:6 quotation, this is the

1607
01:00:41,437 --> 01:00:44,207
reason for singing God's praise.

1608
01:00:44,374 --> 01:00:46,976
And we saw that already at the beginning

1609
01:00:46,976 --> 01:00:47,744
of Book 4.

1610
01:00:50,013 --> 01:00:51,314
Why praise God?

1611
01:00:51,581 --> 01:00:52,882
Because God has redeemed them.

1612
01:00:52,949 --> 01:00:53,983
And what are they to say?

1613
01:00:54,183 --> 01:00:55,885
Well, give thanks to the Lord because he

1614
01:00:55,885 --> 01:00:57,320
is good for his steadfast love.

1615
01:00:57,420 --> 01:00:58,388
His chesed is forever.

1616
01:00:59,122 --> 01:01:02,025
And it's, yeah, they're praising God for

1617
01:01:02,025 --> 01:01:03,259
redeeming them.

1618
01:01:04,761 --> 01:01:08,264
But now look at verse 21 here.

1619
01:01:08,765 --> 01:01:11,501
He starts by saying, my mouth will speak

1620
01:01:11,501 --> 01:01:13,136
the praise of the Lord

1621
01:01:13,136 --> 01:01:16,072
and let all flesh bless his holy name

1622
01:01:16,072 --> 01:01:17,573
forever and ever.

1623
01:01:17,974 --> 01:01:21,077
So you've got this sort of movement from

1624
01:01:21,077 --> 01:01:23,846
individual personal praise voiced by

1625
01:01:23,846 --> 01:01:24,547
David.

1626
01:01:24,647 --> 01:01:26,482
These are the last words David says.

1627
01:01:27,283 --> 01:01:28,685
I wouldn't say that's actually the last

1628
01:01:28,685 --> 01:01:29,252
words he says.

1629
01:01:29,385 --> 01:01:30,920
I think he goes on speaking after this

1630
01:01:30,920 --> 01:01:31,421
point too.

1631
01:01:31,421 --> 01:01:34,490
But in an attributed Psalm to David, here

1632
01:01:34,490 --> 01:01:37,627
we see explicitly David is voicing this.

1633
01:01:37,960 --> 01:01:40,463
My mouth, but let all flesh bless his

1634
01:01:40,463 --> 01:01:41,264
holy name.

1635
01:01:42,265 --> 01:01:45,968
Now as we see how Psalm 146 begins, you

1636
01:01:45,968 --> 01:01:49,205
can see this in your Bibles too.

1637
01:01:49,572 --> 01:01:50,907
If you want to follow along there.

1638
01:01:52,108 --> 01:01:53,843
It starts off with hallelujah, praise the

1639
01:01:53,843 --> 01:01:54,110
Lord.

1640
01:01:54,610 --> 01:01:57,714
O my soul, I will praise the Lord as long

1641
01:01:57,714 --> 01:01:58,648
as I live.

1642
01:01:58,648 --> 01:02:00,750
So you get this personal praise

1643
01:02:00,750 --> 01:02:01,651
reiterated.

1644
01:02:02,919 --> 01:02:05,154
Somebody's leading this praise, a

1645
01:02:05,154 --> 01:02:06,389
singular person.

1646
01:02:08,825 --> 01:02:09,392
And look how it ends.

1647
01:02:09,592 --> 01:02:10,727
Well, maybe you know how it ends.

1648
01:02:10,927 --> 01:02:13,796
Psalm 156, the very last verse of the

1649
01:02:13,796 --> 01:02:14,564
Psalter.

1650
01:02:14,664 --> 01:02:16,899
Let everything that has breath, the

1651
01:02:16,899 --> 01:02:17,967
breath of life,

1652
01:02:18,101 --> 01:02:20,236
the thing that God breathed into mankind,

1653
01:02:20,236 --> 01:02:23,940
the purpose, our purpose to praise God,

1654
01:02:23,940 --> 01:02:27,643
to rejoice in his works, in himself, in

1655
01:02:27,643 --> 01:02:28,311
him.

1656
01:02:28,845 --> 01:02:30,947
Well, this is the end point, isn't it?

1657
01:02:31,247 --> 01:02:33,483
Let everything that has breath, praise

1658
01:02:33,483 --> 01:02:34,851
the Lord, hallelujah.

1659
01:02:35,284 --> 01:02:36,385
And so ends the Psalter.

1660
01:02:36,886 --> 01:02:40,156
So you see, even in the way that the

1661
01:02:40,156 --> 01:02:42,792
Psalms of David have ended,

1662
01:02:43,626 --> 01:02:46,162
that movement where he is the one

1663
01:02:46,162 --> 01:02:48,831
inviting and urging all creation,

1664
01:02:48,831 --> 01:02:50,967
all flesh to bless God's name forever and

1665
01:02:50,967 --> 01:02:51,334
ever,

1666
01:02:51,834 --> 01:02:53,603
that final hallelujah seemed to mirror

1667
01:02:53,603 --> 01:02:53,936
that.

1668
01:02:54,370 --> 01:02:57,073
They bring that same thing out as they

1669
01:02:57,073 --> 01:02:59,075
move from personal praise,

1670
01:02:59,242 --> 01:03:01,711
presumably led still by David, where the

1671
01:03:01,711 --> 01:03:03,746
people are enjoined to join in,

1672
01:03:04,113 --> 01:03:06,516
culminating in everything that has

1673
01:03:06,516 --> 01:03:08,151
breath, praising God.

1674
01:03:10,987 --> 01:03:14,157
Well, I don't know if it's helped you see

1675
01:03:14,157 --> 01:03:17,360
some light amongst the trees to do this.

1676
01:03:17,827 --> 01:03:18,728
I hope so.

1677
01:03:20,129 --> 01:03:22,665
Again, just to reiterate, I can send out

1678
01:03:22,665 --> 01:03:25,234
some stuff, these slides, through Ryan.

1679
01:03:25,768 --> 01:03:26,469
Thank you for that.

1680
01:03:26,469 --> 01:03:27,370
That would be really helpful.

1681
01:03:27,804 --> 01:03:29,872
I've also got a rough draft of what I've

1682
01:03:29,872 --> 01:03:30,973
been talking about.

1683
01:03:31,040 --> 01:03:32,475
If you're interested in that, I can have

1684
01:03:32,475 --> 01:03:33,376
that sent out with you.

1685
01:03:35,845 --> 01:03:37,713
It is what it is, you know, with drafts.

1686
01:03:38,247 --> 01:03:40,716
So go easy if there are any mistakes in

1687
01:03:40,716 --> 01:03:41,050
it.

1688
01:03:42,451 --> 01:03:44,053
But yeah, so there we have it.

1689
01:03:45,054 --> 01:03:46,522
I always love this.

1690
01:03:47,423 --> 01:03:49,525
I start with every Psalms class I teach,

1691
01:03:49,525 --> 01:03:50,626
usually, with this,

1692
01:03:51,027 --> 01:03:53,396
because I think it kind of encapsulates

1693
01:03:53,396 --> 01:03:54,764
our use of the Psalms

1694
01:03:55,631 --> 01:03:57,733
and how and why we can and should and

1695
01:03:57,733 --> 01:03:59,202
would want to, you know.

1696
01:03:59,869 --> 01:04:01,938
So Augustin is actually talking about

1697
01:04:01,938 --> 01:04:02,605
Psalm 123,

1698
01:04:03,172 --> 01:04:04,841
where he observes sometimes a single

1699
01:04:04,841 --> 01:04:05,608
voice is heard

1700
01:04:05,608 --> 01:04:07,176
and other times there seems to be a

1701
01:04:07,176 --> 01:04:07,710
multitude,

1702
01:04:08,211 --> 01:04:09,979
because though many we are one for Christ

1703
01:04:09,979 --> 01:04:10,346
is one

1704
01:04:10,346 --> 01:04:12,248
and Christ's members are one with Christ,

1705
01:04:12,248 --> 01:04:12,982
one in Christ,

1706
01:04:13,716 --> 01:04:15,718
the head of all these members is in the

1707
01:04:15,718 --> 01:04:16,185
heaven.

1708
01:04:17,253 --> 01:04:18,821
The body is toiling on earth, but it is

1709
01:04:18,821 --> 01:04:20,056
not separated from its head,

1710
01:04:20,189 --> 01:04:21,624
for the head looks down from heaven and

1711
01:04:21,624 --> 01:04:22,391
cares for his body.

1712
01:04:22,859 --> 01:04:24,660
Well then, whether one voice sings or

1713
01:04:24,660 --> 01:04:26,028
many sing, there are many,

1714
01:04:26,462 --> 01:04:28,331
and one individual composed of the many

1715
01:04:28,331 --> 01:04:29,599
by reason of their unity.

1716
01:04:31,234 --> 01:04:32,969
You follow along, maybe you need to read

1717
01:04:32,969 --> 01:04:34,270
it slower in about 10 times.

1718
01:04:35,204 --> 01:04:37,640
As we have explained, there is one Christ

1719
01:04:37,640 --> 01:04:39,809
and all Christians are members of Christ.

1720
01:04:39,809 --> 01:04:41,844
The point again is we never pray the

1721
01:04:41,844 --> 01:04:42,678
Psalms alone.

1722
01:04:43,079 --> 01:04:45,815
We are one body, he is our head and he

1723
01:04:45,815 --> 01:04:48,017
leads us, even in our lament.

1724
01:04:48,584 --> 01:04:49,685
I mean, praise God for that.

1725
01:04:50,186 --> 01:04:50,653
But, yeah.

1726
01:04:53,756 --> 01:04:54,223
Applause

1727
01:04:58,761 --> 01:05:00,162
Have we got anything else? No, I don't.

1728
01:05:00,162 --> 01:05:00,730
There you go.

1729
01:05:01,831 --> 01:05:04,967
Well, technically we end at three.

1730
01:05:05,067 --> 01:05:06,836
I'm happy to take some questions or

1731
01:05:06,836 --> 01:05:08,871
comments or whatever if you have them.

1732
01:05:12,074 --> 01:05:13,009
Or however you are feeling.

1733
01:05:13,109 --> 01:05:14,310
If you feel like you have had enough, you

1734
01:05:14,310 --> 01:05:15,111
need to go, that's okay.

1735
01:05:15,411 --> 01:05:19,348
The paddy for the Psalms, beginning at

1736
01:05:19,348 --> 01:05:23,152
three and going forward, the psalm of

1737
01:05:23,152 --> 01:05:24,086
David,

1738
01:05:24,754 --> 01:05:29,759
that was all, is that considered, I don't

1739
01:05:29,759 --> 01:05:34,530
even know how to answer the question,

1740
01:05:35,598 --> 01:05:37,433
they are not verses of the Bible, are

1741
01:05:37,433 --> 01:05:39,101
they verses of the Bible, are they

1742
01:05:39,101 --> 01:05:40,269
considered the Bible?

1743
01:05:40,569 --> 01:05:42,138
Oh, they are verses in the Hebrew.

1744
01:05:42,138 --> 01:05:45,474
They are verses in the Hebrew, yeah.

1745
01:05:45,641 --> 01:05:49,312
It's original and so that's why we number

1746
01:05:49,312 --> 01:05:52,782
the Psalms the way we do or whatever.

1747
01:05:53,149 --> 01:05:56,018
It's numbered by the verses of so and so

1748
01:05:56,018 --> 01:05:58,721
and what they are, that is part of the

1749
01:05:58,721 --> 01:05:59,555
original.

1750
01:05:59,989 --> 01:06:02,925
Yeah, so the chapter verse things much,

1751
01:06:02,925 --> 01:06:03,926
much later.

1752
01:06:04,493 --> 01:06:07,330
But those superscripts, those titles are

1753
01:06:07,330 --> 01:06:08,130
original.

1754
01:06:08,230 --> 01:06:09,465
They're part of the biblical text.

1755
01:06:09,498 --> 01:06:09,732
Yeah.

1756
01:06:09,732 --> 01:06:11,801
But the English Bibles that don't give

1757
01:06:11,801 --> 01:06:13,869
them, none of the English Bibles do.

1758
01:06:14,003 --> 01:06:16,405
They show the bias really of last century

1759
01:06:16,405 --> 01:06:18,607
I think where these superscripts were

1760
01:06:18,607 --> 01:06:20,009
written off as being,

1761
01:06:20,176 --> 01:06:21,577
oh, they're late, they're not accurate,

1762
01:06:21,577 --> 01:06:22,611
they're this, they're that.

1763
01:06:22,745 --> 01:06:24,347
I mean there's all sorts of kind of

1764
01:06:24,347 --> 01:06:26,015
criticism being addressed at them.

1765
01:06:26,248 --> 01:06:28,417
Notice that none of that criticism is at

1766
01:06:28,417 --> 01:06:30,653
all relevant when you're talking about,

1767
01:06:30,820 --> 01:06:31,988
not the authorship of the psalm, but

1768
01:06:31,988 --> 01:06:33,289
you're talking about the arrangement of

1769
01:06:33,289 --> 01:06:33,756
the psalms.

1770
01:06:35,091 --> 01:06:38,561
So when I addressed the academic world in

1771
01:06:38,561 --> 01:06:41,964
my scholarship, I don't have to go there

1772
01:06:41,964 --> 01:06:42,631
even.

1773
01:06:43,366 --> 01:06:45,001
I could just start talking about how the

1774
01:06:45,001 --> 01:06:46,202
superscripts have been used

1775
01:06:46,202 --> 01:06:47,703
and how they've been significant as

1776
01:06:47,703 --> 01:06:49,438
evidence of the way the psalms have been

1777
01:06:49,438 --> 01:06:49,972
arranged.

1778
01:06:50,773 --> 01:06:52,942
But getting back to your question, yeah,

1779
01:06:52,942 --> 01:06:55,077
in my view they should be given a verse

1780
01:06:55,077 --> 01:06:55,544
number

1781
01:06:55,544 --> 01:06:57,513
if for no other reason, so I don't have

1782
01:06:57,513 --> 01:06:59,482
to keep checking, is it this in English

1783
01:06:59,482 --> 01:07:00,716
or that in the Hebrew?

1784
01:07:02,118 --> 01:07:04,120
But yeah, they're part of the biblical

1785
01:07:04,120 --> 01:07:05,888
text and they've come down to us

1786
01:07:05,888 --> 01:07:08,657
and they shouldn't be ignored in my view.

1787
01:07:10,159 --> 01:07:12,261
In your experience, what's the best way

1788
01:07:12,261 --> 01:07:14,230
to read and pray the psalms of God?

1789
01:07:16,432 --> 01:07:19,668
I think to set a program, like to do it,

1790
01:07:19,668 --> 01:07:22,972
would be important, but like I said, also

1791
01:07:22,972 --> 01:07:24,440
do it out loud.

1792
01:07:24,440 --> 01:07:27,576
I mean there are times when need drives

1793
01:07:27,576 --> 01:07:30,479
you to prayer and of course pick the

1794
01:07:30,479 --> 01:07:32,348
Psalter up then too,

1795
01:07:32,448 --> 01:07:34,817
but to try to make a regular habit of it

1796
01:07:34,817 --> 01:07:37,053
anyway is I think really important.

1797
01:07:39,455 --> 01:07:43,626
And I think as you want to get more and

1798
01:07:43,626 --> 01:07:46,729
more at home in the psalms,

1799
01:07:47,296 --> 01:07:50,699
to read Bonhoeffer, to read other authors

1800
01:07:50,699 --> 01:07:53,369
on the pastoral use of psalms,

1801
01:07:53,369 --> 01:07:55,538
they will always champion the use of the

1802
01:07:55,538 --> 01:07:57,640
Psalter as a school in prayer, teaching

1803
01:07:57,640 --> 01:07:58,374
us to pray.

1804
01:07:58,574 --> 01:08:00,409
So just like with the Lord's Prayer,

1805
01:08:00,409 --> 01:08:02,311
Jesus gave us an example of prayer,

1806
01:08:02,378 --> 01:08:04,313
he didn't give us ten principles of

1807
01:08:04,313 --> 01:08:06,482
prayer or how to, he actually gave us a

1808
01:08:06,482 --> 01:08:07,049
prayer.

1809
01:08:07,950 --> 01:08:09,785
Pray this, do this. And the Psalter is

1810
01:08:09,785 --> 01:08:11,287
kind of the same thing, in fact

1811
01:08:11,287 --> 01:08:13,355
Bonhoeffer said you could fit everything

1812
01:08:13,355 --> 01:08:14,890
he had to say under the petitions of the

1813
01:08:14,890 --> 01:08:16,292
Lord's Prayer and organise a Psalter

1814
01:08:16,292 --> 01:08:17,393
around them if you wanted.

1815
01:08:17,860 --> 01:08:19,295
Everything that's in the Lord's Prayer is

1816
01:08:19,295 --> 01:08:20,429
in the Psalter and vice versa.

1817
01:08:20,429 --> 01:08:25,301
So I would also suggest that to try to

1818
01:08:25,301 --> 01:08:28,771
read through the Psalter,

1819
01:08:29,004 --> 01:08:31,540
like read in its smaller groups to make

1820
01:08:31,540 --> 01:08:34,176
it manageable and so you kind of get more

1821
01:08:34,176 --> 01:08:35,411
at home with it,

1822
01:08:35,544 --> 01:08:38,280
I think that can be helpful. But yeah,

1823
01:08:38,280 --> 01:08:40,916
certainly out loud and realising that

1824
01:08:40,916 --> 01:08:42,485
sometimes by prayer

1825
01:08:42,485 --> 01:08:45,387
we mean actually hearing something that

1826
01:08:45,387 --> 01:08:48,390
God's saying in the Psalm in question,

1827
01:08:48,390 --> 01:08:50,192
he's addressing, he's convicting. So

1828
01:08:50,192 --> 01:08:51,827
prayer in a fairly broad sense,

1829
01:08:51,961 --> 01:08:53,996
it's maybe more meditative devotional

1830
01:08:53,996 --> 01:08:56,298
reading at times, it will feel that way,

1831
01:08:56,298 --> 01:08:59,301
at other times you'll be right with David

1832
01:08:59,301 --> 01:09:02,238
in petitioning God for help in the midst

1833
01:09:02,238 --> 01:09:04,406
of trouble and all of that.

1834
01:09:04,707 --> 01:09:06,976
So yeah, I think just getting in there

1835
01:09:06,976 --> 01:09:09,278
and doing it, it's usually the biggest

1836
01:09:09,278 --> 01:09:09,979
obstacle.

1837
01:09:15,050 --> 01:09:16,919
The book that you were quoting from

1838
01:09:16,919 --> 01:09:19,021
earlier, it's sitting there on the desk,

1839
01:09:19,021 --> 01:09:20,556
what is the title of that?

1840
01:09:21,290 --> 01:09:23,025
Oh, this is Bonhoeffer's little Psalms,

1841
01:09:23,025 --> 01:09:24,426
the Prayer Book of the Bible.

1842
01:09:25,027 --> 01:09:27,763
Yeah, it's just tiny, you can read it in

1843
01:09:27,763 --> 01:09:30,132
a very short time and it's great.

1844
01:09:30,633 --> 01:09:33,202
I purchased two books written by him, The

1845
01:09:33,202 --> 01:09:35,571
Cost of Discipleship, what's the other

1846
01:09:35,571 --> 01:09:36,005
one?

1847
01:09:37,439 --> 01:09:39,942
But anyway, I purchased two of them and

1848
01:09:39,942 --> 01:09:42,645
this one I guess is another publication.

1849
01:09:43,812 --> 01:09:46,882
Yeah, it's a good one. I think it's a

1850
01:09:46,882 --> 01:09:50,152
good little succinct, distilled summary

1851
01:09:50,152 --> 01:09:52,555
of the value of the Psalms

1852
01:09:52,555 --> 01:09:54,056
and what they're about and all of that.

1853
01:09:54,056 --> 01:09:55,524
There's so much more that could be said

1854
01:09:55,524 --> 01:09:56,725
on everything he talks about.

1855
01:09:57,726 --> 01:09:59,862
You'll see that when you read it, but it

1856
01:09:59,862 --> 01:10:01,931
is a good little summary nonetheless.

1857
01:10:05,000 --> 01:10:07,336
Alright, I think I've worn you out.

1858
01:10:09,672 --> 01:10:12,675
What you were talking about earlier, so

1859
01:10:12,675 --> 01:10:15,678
like I'm looking at Psalm 125 and it'll

1860
01:10:15,678 --> 01:10:16,912
say Psalm 125

1861
01:10:16,912 --> 01:10:19,381
and right underneath it'll say Yahweh

1862
01:10:19,381 --> 01:10:21,817
surrounds his people. I think that's

1863
01:10:21,817 --> 01:10:23,986
something that was put in by the

1864
01:10:23,986 --> 01:10:25,120
commentators.

1865
01:10:25,621 --> 01:10:27,856
But underneath that it says a song of a

1866
01:10:27,856 --> 01:10:28,290
sense.

1867
01:10:28,290 --> 01:10:30,125
That bit is part of it.

1868
01:10:30,326 --> 01:10:32,628
That's part of the original text and then

1869
01:10:32,628 --> 01:10:34,763
the Psalm itself. That's what you were

1870
01:10:34,763 --> 01:10:35,698
talking about.

1871
01:10:35,931 --> 01:10:38,033
Yeah, that's right. These subheadings,

1872
01:10:38,033 --> 01:10:40,169
and you'll find them in other biblical

1873
01:10:40,169 --> 01:10:41,370
books too, usually.

1874
01:10:43,706 --> 01:10:45,608
They're not part of the original text,

1875
01:10:45,608 --> 01:10:47,376
they're helpful, but we just need to

1876
01:10:47,376 --> 01:10:48,143
realise that.

1877
01:10:48,244 --> 01:10:50,980
But the superscripts are, yeah, part of

1878
01:10:50,980 --> 01:10:51,347
it.

1879
01:10:52,514 --> 01:10:53,082
Thank you.

1880
01:10:53,415 --> 01:10:53,616
You're welcome.