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Alright, so,

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far I've given you an

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introduction of practical

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theological framework.

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We talked about the exploratory

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tool of attending to self in the

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world. And in this video,

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we're going to talk about the

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exploratory tool then of

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engaging in first article

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insights.

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And when we engage in first

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article insights,

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we're going to be asking

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ourselves the question what is

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is God's design for creation?

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Some tools that will be helpful

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to do this is having some skills

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to use the library an

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investigative attitude.

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It's kind of like an exploratory

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attitude,

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but we're actually going to do

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investigating of things.

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We're going to look more deeper

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into it than maybe

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just exploring.

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We're going to investigate it in

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a certain way that's going to

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give us more data and

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more information.

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Critical thinking skills and

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scientific merit will

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be helpful.

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The components of this is we're

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going to identify and analyze

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literature that attends to

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the issue or opportunity

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and the ministry question

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that you've created.

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We're going to distinguish from

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science and pseudoscience.

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We're going to identify and

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analyze various maps of

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understanding about the

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literature or first

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article things.

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We're going to acknowledge and

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identify the limitations of

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first article insights.

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And we're going to determine how

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first article insights can

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actually contribute to us

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addressing that issue and

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opportunity and also answering

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the ministry question that you

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have established. Alright,

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so let's get into it then.

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We're going to first of all

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realize that when we're looking

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at first article insights,

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we are looking at the creation.

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So the first article of the

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creed talks about how God

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created everything, alright?

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So when scientists are exploring

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and investigating and

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doing research,

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they are doing it upon

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God's creation.

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And we acknowledge that this is

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all God's creation, alright.

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So when we look at psychology,

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history, social economics,

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or the political,

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if we use one of these ways

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to look at our issue

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or opportunity,

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we're looking at what secular

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society is saying about it,

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what they've discovered

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about it,

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what their thoughts

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are about it,

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conclusions that they've

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made about it.

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That doesn't necessarily mean

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we have to agree with them,

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alright.

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Because as they're exploring

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the creation,

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they themselves often find that

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sometimes they're wrong.

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In fact,

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it doesn't take very much to see

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how sometimes science scientists

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don't always get it right.

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So the world of science,

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the world of discovering first

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article insights is a little

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different than the world

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of theology.

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In the world of theology,

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which we haven't got to yet,

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using that tool.

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But the theological

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tool that we use,

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we know God has given us things,

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and it doesn't change.

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So Jesus is our Savior,

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and that never changes.

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He will always be our savior.

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But when we're looking at the

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various disciplines that have

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popped up to help us understand

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God's good creation,

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sometimes they don't always

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get it right.

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One of the examples of this

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I think about is,

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for example,

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you'll see someone who says,

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well,

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you should drink a lot of wine,

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at least one glass

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of wine a day,

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because that's going

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to cure cancer,

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okay.

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And then you wait a few weeks

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or a month or a year,

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and someone else will come

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out and say, oh, no,

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we discovered that if

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you drink wine,

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actually will cause cancer.

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So stop drinking wine.

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So the world of science or the

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world of people who are

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looking at creation,

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it can change all the time

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and just realize that.

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And if you know that,

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how you read it or how you

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engage with it will actually

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be helpful to you.

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And there are a lot more

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disciplines out there than the

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ones that I've put here,

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but this will just give you a

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sense of some of them that are

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out there that you may want

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to explore. Alright,

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so within these disciplines,

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each one of these disciplines on

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their own uses particular maps

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to be able to understand

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whatever it is that they're

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researching or investigating.

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Well,

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let's look at the

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map of Nebraska.

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So to try to help you

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understand this,

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this is the map of Nebraska.

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And if I look at this map,

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this map is going to tell me

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where all the roads, highways,

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interstates are in Nebraska.

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It will also tell me with the

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color coding you can see behind,

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it will tell me where the

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counties are in Nebraska.

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So this can be a very

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informative map.

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But there are other maps of

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Nebraska. For example,

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this map of Nebraska tells me

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where the population centers

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are in Nebraska,

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where people live in Nebraska,

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alright.

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So it's still Nebraska,

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but it's a different map,

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and it's giving me different

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information.

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Now,

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this map is not a credible map.

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And if you want to pause the

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video to be able to have a

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discussion or figure out

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why it's not credible,

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you can do that.

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I'm not going to give

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you the answer,

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but this map is not credible.

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And the reason I do this is

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because I want to articulate to

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you that not every map you look

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at or every scientific article

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you read is credible.

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Some of it is just pure

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pseudoscience, alright. Now,

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in the theological world,

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we would say some things

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are theological,

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but other things are heresy.

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It's the same concept.

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We just kind of use different

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words for it.

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But this is not a credible map.

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And see if you can figure out

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why it's not a credible map.

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But if it was credible,

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it would be telling us about

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the population in Nebraska.

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Here's another map of Nebraska.

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This tells us where confirmed

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mountain lions are in Nebraska.

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Again,

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it's telling us something

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different than the other maps

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that I've shown you.

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And here they all are together.

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You have roads,

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you have mountain lions,

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you have population.

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And what this one shows us is

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where all the railroads

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are in Nebraska.

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So if you want to know where

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the railroads go now,

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it's interesting.

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You could probably compare the

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railroads to the population

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map and see that there's

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a correlation there.

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Or you could even lay on top of

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it mountain lion presence and

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see there's a correlation there,

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even the regular roads.

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In other words,

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even though there's lots of

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different maps of understanding

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within every secular

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professional discipline that

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addresses first article things,

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it's not that it's wrong

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to have different maps.

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I just want you to be aware that

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there are different maps

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of understanding.

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So that when you're reading the

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literature and you're reading

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articles and you're looking into

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this from a first article

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point of view,

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there are lots of different maps

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that can help us understand

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the same topic.

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Let me further help you

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understand this.

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So a map of understanding of

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alcoholism, alright.

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If you took a medical approach,

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you might say something

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like this well,

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the reason why people are

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alcoholic is because it's

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in their genes.

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It's passed down from one

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generation to another.

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But if you looked at a different

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map of understanding,

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for example,

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let's look at the social,

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cultural.

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They might say the reason why

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people become alcoholics is

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because the people they hang

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out with, alright.

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So they went off to college and

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they got into a drinking culture

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with a bunch of people,

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and that had nothing to

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do with their genes.

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It had to do with a

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drinking culture.

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And there's other maps besides

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the ones I have up here.

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But what I'm trying to

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articulate to you is you need to

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pay attention of the different

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maps of understanding

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people have,

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especially in the disciplines

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for how they think something

298
00:08:09,865 --> 00:08:11,537
exists. Now,

299
00:08:11,537 --> 00:08:14,449
my opinion is a lot of these

300
00:08:14,449 --> 00:08:16,681
maps can be true,

301
00:08:16,681 --> 00:08:18,826
and maybe they overlap.

302
00:08:18,826 --> 00:08:21,057
Maybe sometimes it is true that

303
00:08:21,057 --> 00:08:22,332
it's a genetic thing that

304
00:08:22,332 --> 00:08:23,654
people are alcoholics.

305
00:08:23,654 --> 00:08:24,573
But on the other hand,

306
00:08:24,573 --> 00:08:26,037
maybe it's also true that some

307
00:08:26,037 --> 00:08:27,742
people, it's not in their genes,

308
00:08:27,742 --> 00:08:29,373
but they got into the wrong

309
00:08:29,373 --> 00:08:31,377
group at college or something,

310
00:08:31,377 --> 00:08:32,896
they drank all the time,

311
00:08:32,896 --> 00:08:34,970
and they became an alcoholic.

312
00:08:34,970 --> 00:08:36,737
So understanding maps

313
00:08:36,737 --> 00:08:38,202
of understanding,

314
00:08:38,202 --> 00:08:39,737
these maps of understanding will

315
00:08:39,737 --> 00:08:40,913
actually help you then to

316
00:08:40,913 --> 00:08:43,977
determine which best approach is

317
00:08:43,977 --> 00:08:45,489
going to be helpful for you

318
00:08:45,489 --> 00:08:47,321
in attending to that issue

319
00:08:47,321 --> 00:08:48,442
opportunity and ministry

320
00:08:48,442 --> 00:08:49,313
question that you have

321
00:08:49,313 --> 00:08:51,176
established. Alright, well,

322
00:08:51,176 --> 00:08:52,880
let's talk about science.

323
00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:55,273
So a really good book on this,

324
00:08:55,273 --> 00:08:56,368
if you're looking for a book,

325
00:08:56,368 --> 00:08:57,442
is how to Think Straight

326
00:08:57,442 --> 00:08:58,960
About Psychology,

327
00:08:58,960 --> 00:09:00,095
in fact.

328
00:09:00,095 --> 00:09:01,656
You could probably change the

329
00:09:01,656 --> 00:09:03,753
title to how to Think Straight

330
00:09:03,753 --> 00:09:05,018
About Science.

331
00:09:05,018 --> 00:09:06,297
It just so happens he

332
00:09:06,297 --> 00:09:07,521
is a psychologist,

333
00:09:07,521 --> 00:09:09,706
so he is helping psychology

334
00:09:09,706 --> 00:09:12,065
people to understand how to

335
00:09:12,065 --> 00:09:14,441
think about science and research

336
00:09:14,441 --> 00:09:15,817
from a psychological point of

337
00:09:15,817 --> 00:09:17,058
view. But quite frankly,

338
00:09:17,058 --> 00:09:18,489
what he puts in there is true

339
00:09:18,489 --> 00:09:20,218
of all science everywhere.

340
00:09:20,218 --> 00:09:22,121
The distinction he makes between

341
00:09:22,121 --> 00:09:23,337
what a theory is and a

342
00:09:23,337 --> 00:09:25,665
hypothesis is, is important.

343
00:09:25,665 --> 00:09:29,416
So a theory in science is when

344
00:09:29,416 --> 00:09:30,641
well, let me back up.

345
00:09:30,641 --> 00:09:33,033
A hypothesis is kind of when we

346
00:09:33,033 --> 00:09:34,737
have a guess about something.

347
00:09:34,737 --> 00:09:36,778
So I have a hypothesis,

348
00:09:36,778 --> 00:09:37,489
I have a guess,

349
00:09:37,489 --> 00:09:38,701
and what I'm going to do is I'm

350
00:09:38,701 --> 00:09:39,853
going to use research to

351
00:09:39,853 --> 00:09:40,997
determine whether or not

352
00:09:40,997 --> 00:09:42,845
that's true or not.

353
00:09:42,845 --> 00:09:46,125
If multiple people test the same

354
00:09:46,125 --> 00:09:48,156
thing and determine, yeah,

355
00:09:48,156 --> 00:09:49,421
that is true,

356
00:09:49,421 --> 00:09:50,597
then eventually it

357
00:09:50,597 --> 00:09:52,099
becomes a theory.

358
00:09:52,099 --> 00:09:54,537
So a theory only happens when

359
00:09:54,537 --> 00:09:56,464
you have a variety of different

360
00:09:56,464 --> 00:09:58,113
research that has taken place to

361
00:09:58,113 --> 00:10:00,225
test a hypothesis and everyone

362
00:10:00,225 --> 00:10:01,313
agrees upon that,

363
00:10:01,313 --> 00:10:03,162
then it becomes a theory.

364
00:10:03,162 --> 00:10:04,697
So often you'll hear people say,

365
00:10:04,697 --> 00:10:06,097
I have a theory about this,

366
00:10:06,097 --> 00:10:06,937
what they really should

367
00:10:06,937 --> 00:10:07,473
be saying is,

368
00:10:07,473 --> 00:10:09,385
I have a guess about it.

369
00:10:09,385 --> 00:10:11,025
Because a theory is something

370
00:10:11,025 --> 00:10:12,937
much more has much more depth to

371
00:10:12,937 --> 00:10:15,006
it than what they're

372
00:10:15,006 --> 00:10:17,480
actually meaning.

373
00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:19,753
So what makes something have

374
00:10:19,753 --> 00:10:21,905
scientific merit? Well,

375
00:10:21,905 --> 00:10:22,848
these are the things

376
00:10:22,848 --> 00:10:24,258
that I have chosen.

377
00:10:24,258 --> 00:10:25,896
Are there more than this?

378
00:10:25,896 --> 00:10:26,793
Yes.

379
00:10:26,793 --> 00:10:29,174
And if you have had a doctoral

380
00:10:29,174 --> 00:10:32,916
course in research or you've had

381
00:10:32,916 --> 00:10:34,973
some advanced courses in

382
00:10:34,973 --> 00:10:36,149
science of some sort,

383
00:10:36,149 --> 00:10:37,541
whatever the discipline is,

384
00:10:37,541 --> 00:10:38,973
you could probably add more

385
00:10:38,973 --> 00:10:39,829
things to this list.

386
00:10:39,829 --> 00:10:40,921
And I understand that.

387
00:10:40,921 --> 00:10:43,841
But this is an introductory to

388
00:10:43,841 --> 00:10:45,289
understanding first

389
00:10:45,289 --> 00:10:46,505
article things.

390
00:10:46,505 --> 00:10:48,033
And so I've chosen the things

391
00:10:48,033 --> 00:10:49,825
that I think will be

392
00:10:49,825 --> 00:10:52,017
a good start for you.

393
00:10:52,017 --> 00:10:53,337
So these are the things that

394
00:10:53,337 --> 00:10:54,509
we're going to be talking about

395
00:10:54,509 --> 00:10:55,797
and we're going to go through.

396
00:10:55,797 --> 00:10:57,054
And from my perspective,

397
00:10:57,054 --> 00:10:59,901
if you're looking at a first

398
00:10:59,901 --> 00:11:01,470
article article,

399
00:11:01,470 --> 00:11:02,541
something that's dealing

400
00:11:02,541 --> 00:11:03,740
with science,

401
00:11:03,740 --> 00:11:05,437
you want to determine if it

402
00:11:05,437 --> 00:11:07,038
has scientific merit.

403
00:11:07,038 --> 00:11:08,293
If it does not have

404
00:11:08,293 --> 00:11:09,506
scientific merit,

405
00:11:09,506 --> 00:11:10,586
then it's something you don't

406
00:11:10,586 --> 00:11:11,920
want to waste your time on.

407
00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:13,033
And there's a lot of things

408
00:11:13,033 --> 00:11:14,233
out there that do not have

409
00:11:14,233 --> 00:11:16,321
scientific merit and are not

410
00:11:16,321 --> 00:11:18,729
valid and credible at all.

411
00:11:18,729 --> 00:11:20,153
You want to be reading things

412
00:11:20,153 --> 00:11:21,736
that have scientific merit.

413
00:11:21,736 --> 00:11:22,117
All right,

414
00:11:22,117 --> 00:11:23,357
so let's look at the first

415
00:11:23,357 --> 00:11:25,269
criterion. Now,

416
00:11:25,269 --> 00:11:26,492
this one can be a little bit

417
00:11:26,492 --> 00:11:27,957
difficult to kind of wrap your

418
00:11:27,957 --> 00:11:30,375
brain around out of all of them.

419
00:11:30,375 --> 00:11:31,529
That's why I started

420
00:11:31,529 --> 00:11:32,641
with it first.

421
00:11:32,641 --> 00:11:34,098
But the falsifiability

422
00:11:34,098 --> 00:11:35,599
criterion,

423
00:11:35,599 --> 00:11:36,944
what it says,

424
00:11:36,944 --> 00:11:40,353
is that the purpose is that for

425
00:11:40,353 --> 00:11:41,514
something to be scientific,

426
00:11:41,514 --> 00:11:42,481
it must be able to

427
00:11:42,481 --> 00:11:44,200
be proven false.

428
00:11:44,200 --> 00:11:45,793
And for some of us,

429
00:11:45,793 --> 00:11:47,689
that just doesn't seem right.

430
00:11:47,689 --> 00:11:49,569
But let me try to explain this.

431
00:11:49,569 --> 00:11:52,321
Let's say my hypothesis is this.

432
00:11:52,321 --> 00:11:55,936
My hypothesis is that there are

433
00:11:55,936 --> 00:11:57,913
little green men that live

434
00:11:57,913 --> 00:11:59,870
inside everyone's brains.

435
00:11:59,870 --> 00:12:01,777
And these little green men

436
00:12:01,777 --> 00:12:04,426
determine your psychological

437
00:12:04,426 --> 00:12:05,482
makeup.

438
00:12:05,482 --> 00:12:07,233
But these little green men are

439
00:12:07,233 --> 00:12:09,704
invisible. You can't see them.

440
00:12:09,704 --> 00:12:10,833
Okay?

441
00:12:10,833 --> 00:12:13,840
There's no way to scientifically

442
00:12:13,840 --> 00:12:16,433
disprove that. I'm saying.

443
00:12:16,433 --> 00:12:17,889
You just got to believe me.

444
00:12:17,889 --> 00:12:19,034
And in science,

445
00:12:19,034 --> 00:12:20,984
it doesn't work that way.

446
00:12:20,984 --> 00:12:22,218
In science,

447
00:12:22,218 --> 00:12:23,961
when you set something up,

448
00:12:23,961 --> 00:12:25,634
you have to have the ability

449
00:12:25,634 --> 00:12:28,897
to prove that it is false.

450
00:12:28,897 --> 00:12:31,626
If you can't prove it is false,

451
00:12:31,626 --> 00:12:33,833
then science can't do

452
00:12:33,833 --> 00:12:34,937
anything about it.

453
00:12:34,937 --> 00:12:36,642
And that's why sometimes there's

454
00:12:36,642 --> 00:12:38,233
a tension between science and

455
00:12:38,233 --> 00:12:40,430
theology, because theologically,

456
00:12:40,430 --> 00:12:42,533
we do say we believe in things

457
00:12:42,533 --> 00:12:44,813
that we can't get our hands on

458
00:12:44,813 --> 00:12:46,334
or we can't necessarily

459
00:12:46,334 --> 00:12:47,221
point to.

460
00:12:47,221 --> 00:12:48,757
And the scientific community has

461
00:12:48,757 --> 00:12:50,173
a difficult time with that.

462
00:12:50,173 --> 00:12:51,246
That's the reason why there's

463
00:12:51,246 --> 00:12:52,789
that tension there. Now,

464
00:12:52,789 --> 00:12:54,353
I don't think that tension means

465
00:12:54,353 --> 00:12:55,817
that we can't get along and we

466
00:12:55,817 --> 00:12:58,057
can't work with each other.

467
00:12:58,057 --> 00:12:59,721
There are people who say that.

468
00:12:59,721 --> 00:13:01,161
I'm not one of those people,

469
00:13:01,161 --> 00:13:02,536
but just realize that that's

470
00:13:02,536 --> 00:13:04,012
one of the tensions. Okay?

471
00:13:04,012 --> 00:13:06,589
So the falsifiability criteria

472
00:13:06,589 --> 00:13:10,485
in science is that

473
00:13:10,485 --> 00:13:13,300
it's scientific only if it

474
00:13:13,300 --> 00:13:14,930
can be proven false.

475
00:13:17,190 --> 00:13:18,896
So if you're working with a

476
00:13:18,896 --> 00:13:20,473
scientist or working with

477
00:13:20,473 --> 00:13:22,394
someone who likes science,

478
00:13:22,394 --> 00:13:23,857
one of the things if you want to

479
00:13:23,857 --> 00:13:25,370
participate in the conversation

480
00:13:25,370 --> 00:13:27,113
and look really intelligent and

481
00:13:27,113 --> 00:13:29,327
smart is you could say to them,

482
00:13:29,327 --> 00:13:32,860
so how can that be falsified?

483
00:13:32,860 --> 00:13:34,885
And see what they say.

484
00:13:34,885 --> 00:13:36,398
If they're a true scientist,

485
00:13:36,398 --> 00:13:37,222
they'll know what you're

486
00:13:37,222 --> 00:13:38,605
referring to and talking about,

487
00:13:38,605 --> 00:13:39,717
and they'll explain to

488
00:13:39,717 --> 00:13:41,569
you how their theory,

489
00:13:41,569 --> 00:13:42,898
how their hypothesis,

490
00:13:42,898 --> 00:13:44,433
how their whatever could

491
00:13:44,433 --> 00:13:46,240
be falsified.

492
00:13:46,240 --> 00:13:48,169
If they can't do that,

493
00:13:48,169 --> 00:13:49,242
then they probably don't

494
00:13:49,242 --> 00:13:50,202
understand the importance

495
00:13:50,202 --> 00:13:51,658
of scientific merit.

496
00:13:51,658 --> 00:13:53,097
There's so much more I could say

497
00:13:53,097 --> 00:13:54,817
about this, but for now,

498
00:13:54,817 --> 00:13:56,373
I think that's good enough.

499
00:13:56,373 --> 00:13:57,037
And if you want to know

500
00:13:57,037 --> 00:13:57,517
more about it,

501
00:13:57,517 --> 00:13:59,173
we can talk about it

502
00:13:59,173 --> 00:14:01,205
more in other ways.

503
00:14:01,205 --> 00:14:02,870
Let's talk about operational

504
00:14:02,870 --> 00:14:04,142
definitions.

505
00:14:04,142 --> 00:14:06,396
When you're reading any of the

506
00:14:06,396 --> 00:14:07,445
literature that you're

507
00:14:07,445 --> 00:14:08,665
going to read,

508
00:14:08,665 --> 00:14:10,873
you want to pay attention to how

509
00:14:10,873 --> 00:14:13,249
they're defining things. So,

510
00:14:13,249 --> 00:14:13,729
for example,

511
00:14:13,729 --> 00:14:14,778
if I'm reading an article

512
00:14:14,778 --> 00:14:15,746
on depression,

513
00:14:15,746 --> 00:14:16,953
I'm going to be interested in

514
00:14:16,953 --> 00:14:18,982
how they define depression.

515
00:14:18,982 --> 00:14:21,533
Or if someone wants to say, oh,

516
00:14:21,533 --> 00:14:23,053
this was successful, well,

517
00:14:23,053 --> 00:14:24,326
what's their definition

518
00:14:24,326 --> 00:14:25,533
of success?

519
00:14:25,533 --> 00:14:27,373
Because their definition of

520
00:14:27,373 --> 00:14:28,789
success may be different from

521
00:14:28,789 --> 00:14:30,565
my definition of success.

522
00:14:30,565 --> 00:14:32,145
So a way to illustrate this,

523
00:14:32,145 --> 00:14:34,017
I took a screenshot of

524
00:14:34,017 --> 00:14:36,465
Dairy Queen's app,

525
00:14:36,465 --> 00:14:39,082
and I'm sure we've

526
00:14:39,082 --> 00:14:39,937
all done this.

527
00:14:39,937 --> 00:14:40,866
Maybe it's not Dairy

528
00:14:40,866 --> 00:14:41,713
Queen where you go.

529
00:14:41,713 --> 00:14:43,217
Maybe you go somewhere else.

530
00:14:43,217 --> 00:14:44,578
Ted Drew's is the popular

531
00:14:44,578 --> 00:14:45,537
one around here,

532
00:14:45,537 --> 00:14:46,593
but usually you'll hear

533
00:14:46,593 --> 00:14:47,841
people say this,

534
00:14:47,841 --> 00:14:50,033
let's go to Dairy Queen and

535
00:14:50,033 --> 00:14:52,120
get some ice cream.

536
00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:54,697
But if you notice in all

537
00:14:54,697 --> 00:14:56,272
of Dairy Queen stuff,

538
00:14:56,272 --> 00:14:57,394
their publications,

539
00:14:57,394 --> 00:14:59,281
their advertisements, their app,

540
00:14:59,281 --> 00:15:00,055
if you look at their.

541
00:15:00,055 --> 00:15:01,080
Menu.

542
00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:02,658
It doesn't say ice

543
00:15:02,658 --> 00:15:04,760
cream anywhere.

544
00:15:04,760 --> 00:15:07,873
So why is that?

545
00:15:07,873 --> 00:15:09,425
Why are they not using

546
00:15:09,425 --> 00:15:11,258
the label ice cream?

547
00:15:11,258 --> 00:15:12,433
Why are they using something

548
00:15:12,433 --> 00:15:13,368
else? So you see here,

549
00:15:13,368 --> 00:15:14,634
this is a vanilla cone,

550
00:15:14,634 --> 00:15:15,882
chocolate dip cone,

551
00:15:15,882 --> 00:15:18,200
fruity blast, dip cone,

552
00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:19,890
no ice cream.

553
00:15:19,890 --> 00:15:22,280
And if I have other screenshots

554
00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:23,793
of the other things that they

555
00:15:23,793 --> 00:15:25,889
sell and no where does it refer

556
00:15:25,889 --> 00:15:27,273
to it? Ice cream. Well,

557
00:15:27,273 --> 00:15:29,833
this is why is because the Food

558
00:15:29,833 --> 00:15:31,809
and Drug Administration has

559
00:15:31,809 --> 00:15:34,361
defined ice cream in such a way

560
00:15:34,361 --> 00:15:36,378
that Dairy Queen can't label

561
00:15:36,378 --> 00:15:38,002
it as ice cream.

562
00:15:38,002 --> 00:15:39,293
And they start off and say,

563
00:15:39,293 --> 00:15:40,757
typically our soft serve does

564
00:15:40,757 --> 00:15:42,069
not qualify to be called

565
00:15:42,069 --> 00:15:43,246
ice cream.

566
00:15:43,246 --> 00:15:45,589
So this works the same way with

567
00:15:45,589 --> 00:15:48,845
research and science is maybe

568
00:15:48,845 --> 00:15:50,093
the reason why they're not

569
00:15:50,093 --> 00:15:52,499
calling it something is because

570
00:15:52,499 --> 00:15:54,554
someone else has specifically

571
00:15:54,554 --> 00:15:56,537
defined it in a way that they

572
00:15:56,537 --> 00:15:58,442
can't use that label.

573
00:15:58,442 --> 00:15:59,737
And these are things you

574
00:15:59,737 --> 00:16:01,257
probably didn't think about.

575
00:16:01,257 --> 00:16:01,656
Now,

576
00:16:01,656 --> 00:16:02,481
the next time you want

577
00:16:02,481 --> 00:16:03,594
to go get ice cream,

578
00:16:03,594 --> 00:16:04,978
you're going to stop and, huh,

579
00:16:04,978 --> 00:16:06,041
if we're going to Dairy Queen,

580
00:16:06,041 --> 00:16:06,777
I guess we can't call

581
00:16:06,777 --> 00:16:07,726
it ice cream.

582
00:16:07,726 --> 00:16:09,102
You can call it soft serve.

583
00:16:09,102 --> 00:16:09,517
You can say,

584
00:16:09,517 --> 00:16:11,260
I'm just going to get a cone.

585
00:16:11,260 --> 00:16:12,733
But technically,

586
00:16:12,733 --> 00:16:14,117
you can't call it that way.

587
00:16:14,117 --> 00:16:16,140
And when we do science,

588
00:16:16,140 --> 00:16:18,780
science is very technical.

589
00:16:18,780 --> 00:16:20,905
So how they define their terms

590
00:16:20,905 --> 00:16:22,449
makes a big difference because

591
00:16:22,449 --> 00:16:23,697
how they define it makes a big

592
00:16:23,697 --> 00:16:24,577
difference of how they're going

593
00:16:24,577 --> 00:16:26,416
to measure it and the

594
00:16:26,416 --> 00:16:27,673
conclusions that they make about

595
00:16:27,673 --> 00:16:28,873
it. So at this point,

596
00:16:28,873 --> 00:16:30,381
I just want you to be aware when

597
00:16:30,381 --> 00:16:32,165
you're reading some of these

598
00:16:32,165 --> 00:16:33,853
scientific articles and

599
00:16:33,853 --> 00:16:34,549
things like this,

600
00:16:34,549 --> 00:16:35,749
non theological things,

601
00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:36,621
pay attention to how

602
00:16:36,621 --> 00:16:38,085
they define things.

603
00:16:38,085 --> 00:16:38,893
Alright,

604
00:16:38,893 --> 00:16:40,465
validity is a pretty big word.

605
00:16:40,465 --> 00:16:41,817
It's the extent to which the

606
00:16:41,817 --> 00:16:43,242
instrument measures what intends

607
00:16:43,242 --> 00:16:44,753
to measure. Alright,

608
00:16:44,753 --> 00:16:46,545
so let's say

609
00:16:46,545 --> 00:16:50,193
I wanted to measure how much

610
00:16:50,193 --> 00:16:52,745
alcohol is in your system.

611
00:16:52,745 --> 00:16:53,257
Well,

612
00:16:53,257 --> 00:16:55,986
if I put you on this scale,

613
00:16:55,986 --> 00:16:57,277
this scale is going to give

614
00:16:57,277 --> 00:16:58,366
me a measurement,

615
00:16:58,366 --> 00:16:59,573
but it's not going to give me

616
00:16:59,573 --> 00:17:00,829
the right measurement because

617
00:17:00,829 --> 00:17:02,990
that's not the right instrument

618
00:17:02,990 --> 00:17:04,693
in order to be able to

619
00:17:04,693 --> 00:17:06,302
understand how much alcohol

620
00:17:06,302 --> 00:17:07,461
is in your system.

621
00:17:07,461 --> 00:17:08,453
So when you're looking

622
00:17:08,453 --> 00:17:09,134
at literature,

623
00:17:09,134 --> 00:17:10,225
you want to pay attention.

624
00:17:10,225 --> 00:17:11,489
Are they using the right

625
00:17:11,489 --> 00:17:13,418
measurement in order to measure

626
00:17:13,418 --> 00:17:14,482
the thing they say they're

627
00:17:14,482 --> 00:17:15,362
measuring?

628
00:17:15,362 --> 00:17:16,921
Sometimes they get it wrong and

629
00:17:16,921 --> 00:17:17,561
they're not using the

630
00:17:17,561 --> 00:17:18,456
right measurement.

631
00:17:18,456 --> 00:17:21,213
Earlier I showed you we had

632
00:17:21,213 --> 00:17:24,030
binoculars and we had telescope

633
00:17:24,030 --> 00:17:25,950
and we had a microscope.

634
00:17:25,950 --> 00:17:26,197
Well,

635
00:17:26,197 --> 00:17:28,012
if you wanted to look at the

636
00:17:28,012 --> 00:17:29,918
stars in the sky and you're

637
00:17:29,918 --> 00:17:31,222
using a microscope,

638
00:17:31,222 --> 00:17:32,197
you'd be using the

639
00:17:32,197 --> 00:17:33,282
wrong instrument.

640
00:17:33,282 --> 00:17:34,929
So when you think of validity,

641
00:17:34,929 --> 00:17:36,569
think in terms of what

642
00:17:36,569 --> 00:17:38,833
instrument are they using and

643
00:17:38,833 --> 00:17:40,201
are they using the correct

644
00:17:40,201 --> 00:17:41,393
instrument to help them

645
00:17:41,393 --> 00:17:43,097
understand what's going on?

646
00:17:43,097 --> 00:17:45,418
Another big term is reliability.

647
00:17:45,418 --> 00:17:47,690
Reliability is the consistency

648
00:17:47,690 --> 00:17:49,514
with which a measuring

649
00:17:49,514 --> 00:17:50,673
instrument yields a certain

650
00:17:50,673 --> 00:17:52,537
consistent result when the

651
00:17:52,537 --> 00:17:53,938
entity being measured hasn't

652
00:17:53,938 --> 00:17:54,973
changed. Alright,

653
00:17:54,973 --> 00:17:56,496
say I have ten people,

654
00:17:56,496 --> 00:17:59,217
and I have each one of those

655
00:17:59,217 --> 00:17:59,975
ten people come

656
00:17:59,975 --> 00:18:02,194
up and stand on this scale,

657
00:18:02,194 --> 00:18:04,089
and I want to know how

658
00:18:04,089 --> 00:18:05,338
much they weigh.

659
00:18:05,338 --> 00:18:07,161
So I'm using the right

660
00:18:07,161 --> 00:18:08,353
instrument, alright,

661
00:18:08,353 --> 00:18:09,906
which makes it valid.

662
00:18:09,906 --> 00:18:11,882
So they all come up and I weigh

663
00:18:11,882 --> 00:18:15,002
them. The first participant,

664
00:18:15,002 --> 00:18:16,697
the scale tells me he

665
00:18:16,697 --> 00:18:18,306
weighs 100 pounds.

666
00:18:18,306 --> 00:18:20,113
After all ten of them have gone

667
00:18:20,113 --> 00:18:21,425
through, they come back again.

668
00:18:21,425 --> 00:18:22,418
The first participant

669
00:18:22,418 --> 00:18:23,490
steps on the scale,

670
00:18:23,490 --> 00:18:24,842
and now it says he weighs

671
00:18:24,842 --> 00:18:27,705
170 pounds. Well,

672
00:18:27,705 --> 00:18:28,817
although I'm using the

673
00:18:28,817 --> 00:18:29,938
right instrument,

674
00:18:29,938 --> 00:18:32,313
the instrument is not reliable,

675
00:18:32,313 --> 00:18:34,960
because it's giving me a

676
00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:37,697
different result every time

677
00:18:37,697 --> 00:18:38,769
I put someone on it,

678
00:18:38,769 --> 00:18:39,537
especially if it's the

679
00:18:39,537 --> 00:18:41,121
same person. Now,

680
00:18:41,121 --> 00:18:42,837
if I would have him stand on the

681
00:18:42,837 --> 00:18:44,581
scale today, and he weighed,

682
00:18:44,581 --> 00:18:46,494
let's say, 170 pounds,

683
00:18:46,494 --> 00:18:47,860
and I weighed it a month,

684
00:18:47,860 --> 00:18:48,893
and I weighed him again,

685
00:18:48,893 --> 00:18:50,277
and he weighed 100 pounds, well,

686
00:18:50,277 --> 00:18:51,565
that's different because

687
00:18:51,565 --> 00:18:52,982
something happened that caused

688
00:18:52,982 --> 00:18:53,782
him to lose weight.

689
00:18:53,782 --> 00:18:55,598
And I'm going to investigate

690
00:18:55,598 --> 00:18:57,057
that. Look, research that,

691
00:18:57,057 --> 00:18:58,217
but if you're doing it like

692
00:18:58,217 --> 00:18:59,241
within five minutes,

693
00:18:59,241 --> 00:19:01,442
no one loses 70 pounds

694
00:19:01,442 --> 00:19:02,976
within five minutes.

695
00:19:02,976 --> 00:19:04,133
So something is wrong

696
00:19:04,133 --> 00:19:05,142
with the instrument.

697
00:19:05,142 --> 00:19:06,717
So pay attention to the

698
00:19:06,717 --> 00:19:08,229
instruments that they're using

699
00:19:08,229 --> 00:19:09,413
and whether or not those

700
00:19:09,413 --> 00:19:11,540
instruments are reliable.

701
00:19:11,540 --> 00:19:13,598
Sampling criteria.

702
00:19:13,598 --> 00:19:15,446
So you want to pay attention.

703
00:19:15,446 --> 00:19:17,745
Well, when we do research,

704
00:19:17,745 --> 00:19:19,673
we never do research on the

705
00:19:19,673 --> 00:19:21,545
entire population of the United

706
00:19:21,545 --> 00:19:23,001
States or the world.

707
00:19:23,001 --> 00:19:25,297
That's impossible to do. I mean,

708
00:19:25,297 --> 00:19:26,313
they try doing that,

709
00:19:26,313 --> 00:19:26,824
for example,

710
00:19:26,824 --> 00:19:27,874
when there's a census,

711
00:19:27,874 --> 00:19:28,990
but there's limitations,

712
00:19:28,990 --> 00:19:29,917
given that.

713
00:19:29,917 --> 00:19:32,357
So researchers often will have

714
00:19:32,357 --> 00:19:33,949
to get a sample together.

715
00:19:33,949 --> 00:19:35,109
So they'll get 100

716
00:19:35,109 --> 00:19:36,085
people together,

717
00:19:36,085 --> 00:19:38,086
and based upon that sample,

718
00:19:38,086 --> 00:19:39,734
then they'll make conclusions

719
00:19:39,734 --> 00:19:41,745
based upon the data they get.

720
00:19:41,745 --> 00:19:43,378
Pay attention when you're

721
00:19:43,378 --> 00:19:45,473
looking at the literature as to

722
00:19:45,473 --> 00:19:47,337
the sampling that they're using.

723
00:19:47,337 --> 00:19:49,225
So, for example,

724
00:19:49,225 --> 00:19:51,489
if I wanted to understand

725
00:19:51,489 --> 00:19:53,657
people's opinions but let's just

726
00:19:53,657 --> 00:19:54,829
do this if I want to understand

727
00:19:54,829 --> 00:19:56,598
people's opinions about worship,

728
00:19:56,598 --> 00:19:57,373
let's say,

729
00:19:57,373 --> 00:20:00,453
and the only people I had as my

730
00:20:00,453 --> 00:20:02,397
sampling size were people who

731
00:20:02,397 --> 00:20:05,310
are 50 years of age or older.

732
00:20:05,310 --> 00:20:06,541
I'd have some questions

733
00:20:06,541 --> 00:20:07,443
about that,

734
00:20:07,443 --> 00:20:09,456
because that's just telling me a

735
00:20:09,456 --> 00:20:11,297
certain age group of what they

736
00:20:11,297 --> 00:20:12,800
think about worship.

737
00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:15,456
But I would need to know what

738
00:20:15,456 --> 00:20:16,553
the 20 year olds think,

739
00:20:16,553 --> 00:20:17,578
or the teenagers,

740
00:20:17,578 --> 00:20:18,665
thirty's and forty's.

741
00:20:18,665 --> 00:20:21,253
So a good sampling size for that

742
00:20:21,253 --> 00:20:22,837
would mean that I would want a

743
00:20:22,837 --> 00:20:25,261
variety of different ages and a

744
00:20:25,261 --> 00:20:27,213
variety of different genders as

745
00:20:27,213 --> 00:20:29,380
well. So pay attention to age,

746
00:20:29,380 --> 00:20:30,838
pay attention to gender,

747
00:20:30,838 --> 00:20:32,173
pay attention to a lot of those

748
00:20:32,173 --> 00:20:33,041
things when you look at

749
00:20:33,041 --> 00:20:34,201
their sampling size,

750
00:20:34,201 --> 00:20:34,961
because that could be

751
00:20:34,961 --> 00:20:36,264
part of the problem.

752
00:20:36,264 --> 00:20:37,553
The other thing that is

753
00:20:37,553 --> 00:20:39,049
important when it comes to

754
00:20:39,049 --> 00:20:41,673
looking at research articles is

755
00:20:41,673 --> 00:20:42,729
have they been able

756
00:20:42,729 --> 00:20:44,097
to replicate it?

757
00:20:44,097 --> 00:20:46,537
Has anyone else replicated it?

758
00:20:46,537 --> 00:20:48,409
And have they given you remember

759
00:20:48,409 --> 00:20:50,194
earlier I talked about method

760
00:20:50,194 --> 00:20:51,785
when it comes to research,

761
00:20:51,785 --> 00:20:53,442
we use methods.

762
00:20:53,442 --> 00:20:55,353
We don't use frameworks. Well,

763
00:20:55,353 --> 00:20:56,225
we could,

764
00:20:56,225 --> 00:20:58,097
but the actual research is done

765
00:20:58,097 --> 00:20:59,770
with the method. All right.

766
00:20:59,770 --> 00:21:01,913
That we're going to be using.

767
00:21:01,913 --> 00:21:03,681
So the method is important.

768
00:21:03,681 --> 00:21:04,922
What is the method?

769
00:21:04,922 --> 00:21:06,033
And have they told us

770
00:21:06,033 --> 00:21:06,857
what the method is?

771
00:21:06,857 --> 00:21:08,721
So I could go and do that same I

772
00:21:08,721 --> 00:21:10,137
could take that recipe of that

773
00:21:10,137 --> 00:21:12,257
research they did, do it myself,

774
00:21:12,257 --> 00:21:13,393
and see if I come to

775
00:21:13,393 --> 00:21:15,122
the same results.

776
00:21:15,122 --> 00:21:16,913
If they're not telling you the

777
00:21:16,913 --> 00:21:20,058
method they used in the article

778
00:21:20,058 --> 00:21:21,002
and they're keeping

779
00:21:21,002 --> 00:21:22,112
it to themselves,

780
00:21:22,112 --> 00:21:23,345
then that's probably

781
00:21:23,345 --> 00:21:24,313
pseudoscience.

782
00:21:24,313 --> 00:21:25,329
I'll give you an example

783
00:21:25,329 --> 00:21:25,976
of this.

784
00:21:25,976 --> 00:21:26,962
There's these dating

785
00:21:26,962 --> 00:21:28,033
apps out there.

786
00:21:28,033 --> 00:21:29,857
These dating apps claim that

787
00:21:29,857 --> 00:21:30,914
they have the greatest

788
00:21:30,914 --> 00:21:32,713
algorithms and that they can

789
00:21:32,713 --> 00:21:33,649
match people better

790
00:21:33,649 --> 00:21:35,112
than anyone else.

791
00:21:35,112 --> 00:21:36,897
But they never tell us the

792
00:21:36,897 --> 00:21:38,976
method that they use to do that.

793
00:21:38,976 --> 00:21:40,657
And they say the reason they

794
00:21:40,657 --> 00:21:41,537
don't want to share it is

795
00:21:41,537 --> 00:21:42,333
because they don't want other

796
00:21:42,333 --> 00:21:43,373
people to take it and

797
00:21:43,373 --> 00:21:44,525
use it themselves.

798
00:21:44,525 --> 00:21:46,197
But because they don't show

799
00:21:46,197 --> 00:21:47,460
me the method they use,

800
00:21:47,460 --> 00:21:49,557
I'm suspicious of that. I mean,

801
00:21:49,557 --> 00:21:50,677
they could just simply be just

802
00:21:50,677 --> 00:21:51,581
flipping a coin in

803
00:21:51,581 --> 00:21:52,284
the back room.

804
00:21:52,284 --> 00:21:52,997
We don't know what

805
00:21:52,997 --> 00:21:53,764
they're doing.

806
00:21:53,764 --> 00:21:56,320
So if I can't see the method,

807
00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:58,217
I can't be critical of the

808
00:21:58,217 --> 00:21:59,873
method in a way that helps me

809
00:21:59,873 --> 00:22:00,753
understand what they're doing.

810
00:22:00,753 --> 00:22:02,202
So think in terms of when you're

811
00:22:02,202 --> 00:22:03,510
looking at these articles,

812
00:22:03,510 --> 00:22:04,862
are they telling you the method

813
00:22:04,862 --> 00:22:06,045
that they're using?

814
00:22:06,045 --> 00:22:08,188
The other thing has to do with

815
00:22:08,188 --> 00:22:09,700
breaking news stuff.

816
00:22:11,590 --> 00:22:13,437
Often news groups will do

817
00:22:13,437 --> 00:22:14,789
this breaking news.

818
00:22:14,789 --> 00:22:16,073
This thing is going to help

819
00:22:16,073 --> 00:22:17,409
you out. Right? Well,

820
00:22:17,409 --> 00:22:18,241
I'm not interested

821
00:22:18,241 --> 00:22:19,337
in breaking news.

822
00:22:19,337 --> 00:22:21,945
Breaking news often is pop

823
00:22:21,945 --> 00:22:24,842
psychology or pop science,

824
00:22:24,842 --> 00:22:26,898
and it usually is not helpful.

825
00:22:26,898 --> 00:22:27,455
Instead,

826
00:22:27,455 --> 00:22:28,221
what we're interested in

827
00:22:28,221 --> 00:22:30,094
is converging evidence.

828
00:22:30,094 --> 00:22:31,805
In other words,

829
00:22:31,805 --> 00:22:34,741
let's say there were 50

830
00:22:34,741 --> 00:22:36,742
scientists and they weren't

831
00:22:36,742 --> 00:22:38,645
connected to each other at all.

832
00:22:38,645 --> 00:22:40,990
They all used the same method,

833
00:22:40,990 --> 00:22:42,301
and they all came to the

834
00:22:42,301 --> 00:22:43,937
same conclusion. Ah,

835
00:22:43,937 --> 00:22:45,618
I have some converging evidence

836
00:22:45,618 --> 00:22:46,737
that tells me, yes,

837
00:22:46,737 --> 00:22:48,266
if I take this pill,

838
00:22:48,266 --> 00:22:49,688
it will cure me of whatever

839
00:22:49,688 --> 00:22:51,601
disease I have. That's great.

840
00:22:51,601 --> 00:22:53,437
But if only one group of

841
00:22:53,437 --> 00:22:56,445
scientists or only a couple

842
00:22:56,445 --> 00:22:58,406
come to some conclusions,

843
00:22:58,406 --> 00:22:59,677
I'm probably not going to get

844
00:22:59,677 --> 00:23:01,501
too excited about it because

845
00:23:01,501 --> 00:23:02,885
they haven't done enough

846
00:23:02,885 --> 00:23:04,702
research to get converging

847
00:23:04,702 --> 00:23:06,529
evidence. Alright,

848
00:23:06,529 --> 00:23:08,793
so you need to be looking for

849
00:23:08,793 --> 00:23:11,809
some academic articles that help

850
00:23:11,809 --> 00:23:13,593
you to be able to attend to the

851
00:23:13,593 --> 00:23:15,217
issue or the opportunity that

852
00:23:15,217 --> 00:23:17,040
you have identified.

853
00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:18,817
If you're part of the

854
00:23:18,817 --> 00:23:19,925
seminary community,

855
00:23:19,925 --> 00:23:21,645
you have so much access

856
00:23:21,645 --> 00:23:22,813
to the library,

857
00:23:22,813 --> 00:23:23,998
and hopefully somewhere

858
00:23:23,998 --> 00:23:24,797
along the line,

859
00:23:24,797 --> 00:23:26,117
you've already been taught how

860
00:23:26,117 --> 00:23:28,500
to use the library resources.

861
00:23:28,500 --> 00:23:30,125
If you're watching this video

862
00:23:30,125 --> 00:23:31,645
and you don't have total access

863
00:23:31,645 --> 00:23:32,786
to the library because you're

864
00:23:32,786 --> 00:23:34,425
not a student here,

865
00:23:34,425 --> 00:23:36,985
realize other options you have.

866
00:23:36,985 --> 00:23:39,633
Google Scholar is a great way to

867
00:23:39,633 --> 00:23:41,402
be able to look for academic

868
00:23:41,402 --> 00:23:43,225
articles and get information.

869
00:23:43,225 --> 00:23:45,594
You just google Google Scholar

870
00:23:45,594 --> 00:23:47,033
and it will come up.

871
00:23:47,033 --> 00:23:49,490
If you have a local university,

872
00:23:49,490 --> 00:23:50,450
state university,

873
00:23:50,450 --> 00:23:52,121
many times they will allow you

874
00:23:52,121 --> 00:23:55,481
to check out items or to look in

875
00:23:55,481 --> 00:23:56,953
their stacks or to

876
00:23:56,953 --> 00:23:57,784
use their system.

877
00:23:57,784 --> 00:23:59,529
They have their library system.

878
00:23:59,529 --> 00:24:00,015
Or if.

879
00:24:00,015 --> 00:24:00,809
If you have a local

880
00:24:00,809 --> 00:24:01,594
public library,

881
00:24:01,594 --> 00:24:03,233
many times librarians are very

882
00:24:03,233 --> 00:24:05,593
excited to be able to help you

883
00:24:05,593 --> 00:24:06,857
to find the thing that

884
00:24:06,857 --> 00:24:07,553
you're looking for.

885
00:24:07,553 --> 00:24:08,880
You just got to ask,

886
00:24:10,770 --> 00:24:11,577
as you're looking for

887
00:24:11,577 --> 00:24:12,906
academic articles,

888
00:24:12,906 --> 00:24:15,057
make sure and explore all those

889
00:24:15,057 --> 00:24:16,440
avenues that are available

890
00:24:16,440 --> 00:24:17,873
to you. Alright,

891
00:24:17,873 --> 00:24:19,784
so to sum things up then,

892
00:24:19,784 --> 00:24:23,153
so the exploratory tool of

893
00:24:23,153 --> 00:24:24,089
engaging your first

894
00:24:24,089 --> 00:24:25,118
article insight,

895
00:24:25,118 --> 00:24:26,496
it's going to help us

896
00:24:26,496 --> 00:24:27,545
answer the question,

897
00:24:27,545 --> 00:24:28,985
what's God's design

898
00:24:28,985 --> 00:24:30,130
for creation?

899
00:24:30,130 --> 00:24:32,242
We have these particular skills

900
00:24:32,242 --> 00:24:32,699
that are going to be

901
00:24:32,699 --> 00:24:33,737
helpful to us,

902
00:24:33,737 --> 00:24:35,146
and these are the components

903
00:24:35,146 --> 00:24:35,777
that we're going to

904
00:24:35,777 --> 00:24:37,849
be using as well.

905
00:24:37,849 --> 00:24:39,192
We're going to distinguish

906
00:24:39,192 --> 00:24:40,646
science from pseudoscience.

907
00:24:40,646 --> 00:24:42,022
We're going to analyze various

908
00:24:42,022 --> 00:24:43,422
maps of understanding.

909
00:24:43,422 --> 00:24:44,517
We're going to identify the

910
00:24:44,517 --> 00:24:46,166
limitations of first article,

911
00:24:46,166 --> 00:24:47,213
understand that they have

912
00:24:47,213 --> 00:24:49,405
limitations, and finally,

913
00:24:49,405 --> 00:24:50,347
you're going to determine how

914
00:24:50,347 --> 00:24:51,641
these first article insights

915
00:24:51,641 --> 00:24:53,017
contribute to addressing the

916
00:24:53,017 --> 00:24:55,257
issue and or opportunity that

917
00:24:55,257 --> 00:24:56,784
you've identified and also

918
00:24:56,784 --> 00:24:58,665
answering the ministry question.

919
00:24:58,665 --> 00:24:59,505
Alright,

920
00:24:59,505 --> 00:25:01,458
so these exploratory tools

921
00:25:01,458 --> 00:25:02,506
are very helpful.

922
00:25:02,506 --> 00:25:03,497
This exploratory tool,

923
00:25:03,497 --> 00:25:03,897
I should say,

924
00:25:03,897 --> 00:25:05,081
is very helpful then,

925
00:25:05,081 --> 00:25:07,713
to be able to help you to look

926
00:25:07,713 --> 00:25:09,497
at God's creation and look

927
00:25:09,497 --> 00:25:11,737
at what science and other

928
00:25:11,737 --> 00:25:12,898
disciplines in the secular

929
00:25:12,898 --> 00:25:14,025
world are doing.

930
00:25:14,025 --> 00:25:15,697
So our next video then what

931
00:25:15,697 --> 00:25:17,617
we're going to do is we're going

932
00:25:17,617 --> 00:25:19,714
to be discerning theological

933
00:25:19,714 --> 00:25:20,470
wisdom.